Fresenius CCHT Exam Questions and Answers

The functional unit of the kidney, or the structure in the kidney that does the work, is the: - Answernephron A nephron is made up of: - Answer-a glomerulus and a tubule The endocrine functions of the kidney include: - Answer-making erythropoietin and the active form of Vitamin D The leading cause of ESRD in the U.S. is - Answer-diabetes Patients with kidney failure often complain of itching, which is likely to be caused by: - Answerhyperphosphatemia Why do kidney patients often have bone disease? - Answer-kidneys stop producing calcitriol Symptoms that a patient may need more dialysis time include: - Answer-anorexia, fatigue, swelling A semipermeable membrane is a porous barrier that: - Answer-allows for only certain sized particles to cross Diffusion is movement of particles: - Answer-from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Negative pressure is pressure created when - Answer-fluid is pulled through a restriction During Dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when - Answer-water is removed from blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate.At which point in the extracorporeal circuit is the blood usually under negative pressure? - Answer-the arterial line section before the blood pump Which of the following will increase the amount of solutes that will diffuse across the semipermeable membrane? - Answer-high concentration gradients . The components of the dialysate treatment that affect clearance include - Answer-dialysate flow, time of treatment, dialyzer size, blood flow rate Two things that affect the dialyzer's ability to remove wastes from the body include - Answer-surface area and molecular weight cutoff Dialysate is the fluid that helps remove waste products from the body. It contains a number of substances. What substances might be prescribed for a dialysate solution? - Answer-bicarbonate, sodium, potassium What is the most important safety monitor during a dialysis treatment? - Answer-the dialysis technician . Dialysate conductivity measures - Answer-the total electrical charge of a solution Dialysate that has too much sodium may cause patient injury. Too much sodium or hypernatremia can cause - Answer-headaches, high blood pressure, and shriveling of red blood cells Dialysate that has too much calcium can cause - Answer-vomiting, confusion, and irritability . Dialysate that has too little sodium can cause - Answer-low blood pressure, cramping, and bursting of red blood cells Dialysis treatment adequacy has been linked to patient outcomes. Delivering an adequate "dose" of dialysis is the responsibility of the patient care staff in a dialysis unit. Things that can affect dialysis adequacy include: - Answer-time on treatment, blood and dialysate flow rates, and dialyzer clotting