UPDATED Perimenopause, Menopause and Postmenopause (2050)

Describe a hot flash. - correct answers-warmth in upper chest, neck and face -profuse perspiration -lasts several seconds to 5 minutes -occurs mostly at night, disturbs sleep -causes not clearly understood (perhaps temp regulators in brain are close to where GnRH is released) -lowered estrogen associated with dilation of cutaneous vessels leading to hot flashes and sweating -sudden withdrawal of estrogen (e.g. removal of ovaries) leads to greater severity of symptoms -symptoms subside over time, with or without HRT Describe hormone replacement therapy (HRT) - drug therapy for menopause symptoms? - correct answers-HRT was once standard in Canada for menopause symptoms HRT includes: -estrogen for women without ovaries or, -estrogen and progesterone for women with a uterus (estrogen alone may cause buildup in uterus and lead to cancer) Describe nursing management of perimenopause and postmenopause. - correct answers-help women understand perimenopause changes and options for managing bothersome symptoms -foster positive image of perimenopause -teach and reassure women who have difficulty -symptoms are normal and only temporary -address misconceptions about menopause to reduce anxiety -for dry skin, moisture soaps and lotions -for stress incontinence, Kegal exercises -for atrophy in vagina and dyspareunia, water soluble lubricant -sexual capability continues -opportunity to discuss concern