USABO Plant Form and Function exam 2024 with correct answers

root system correct answersthe entire set of plant roots that anchor the plant, absorb and transport minerals and water, and store food shoot system correct answersthe aerial portion of a plant body, consisting of stems, leaves, and (in angiosperms) flowers photosynthate correct answersa sugar or other product of photosynthesis primary root correct answersthe first root (and organ) that emerges from a germinating seed lateral root correct answersa root that develops from the pericycle of an established root taproot correct answersa main vertical root that develops from the primary root (in eudicots) and gives rise to lateral roots; enables the plant to grow taller by preventing toppling root hair correct answersa tiny extension of a root epidermal cell, growing just behind the root tip and increasing surface area for absorption of water and minerals adventitious root correct answersa root that grows from an unexpected region of the plant, such as from a stem or leaf; characteristic of a fibrous root system buttress root correct answersa large, wide aerial root that provides architectural support to a shallowly-rooted tree prop root correct answersan aerial, adventitious root that supports tall, top-heavy plants (e.g. maize) pneumatophore correct answersan aerial root produced by mangroves and other swamp plants specialized for gaseous exchange