Regis NU641 Adv Pharmacology Quiz 1 UDATED 2023

hyperlipidemia high cholesterol levels in the blood, which can lead to heart dz, stroke and other problems caused by block arteries Atherosclerosis Changes in the walls of large arteries consisting of lipid deposits on the artery walls, which incidences can be reduced with proper treatment of hyperlipidemia Treatment goal of hyperlipidemia lowering of the cholesterol to appropriate levels to decrease the risk of heart attack and stroke Non-pharmacology treatment Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) important part of treatment and are not futile Pharmacology Medications Statins lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it; has adverse effects that can occur more frequently at higher doses. LDL cholesterol goal of < 70 in high risk patients goal of < 100 in mod high-risk patients DM pts w/ acute coronary artery syndrome & multiple or uncontrolled risk factors; Tx = TLC, changes in diet restrict refined carbs (sugar & liquid calories), wgt loss (pt will not be able to participate in aerobic activity if had previous MI), decreased insulin resistance, decreased BP, improved cardiovascular conditioning, limit/ restrict ETOH consumption. Which patients are easier to manage? Patients at low risk for developing heart dz. What med is recommended if the LDL cannot be decreased by a high dose of potent statin? Nicotinic acid Med combination to lower triglycerides and increase the HDL a fibrate/nicotinic acid with statin Patient Education for Statin Pt to report report extreme fatigue, darked-color urine, ck elevated, rhabdomylitis (muscle aches); if reported stop immediately and check LFT(Liver Fxn Test) lescol (Statin) This med can affect liver function and increase liver enzymes as well cause the pt to feel weak, fatigue and have muscle aches checking the LFT is recommended Acute drug induced hepatitis the Liver enzymes are elevated w/ the use of statin If pt has acute and chronic hepatitis, liver disease cirrhosis and alcoholism; or pregnant/breastfeeding mothers DO NOT PRESCRIBE STATINS First-line therapy for hyperlipidemia Therapeutic Life Changes (TLC) Such as: balanced diet, weight loss, minimize risk factors before medications Which drug class is most effective for the management of hyperlipidemia with concurrent elevated triglycerides (TGs)? Fibrates How do you identify the potential serious adverse drug reactions with hyperlipidemia agents? Monitor BP within 1 to 3 hours of administration to check for hypotensive affect What type of counseling would you give to a pt who just started on hyperlipidemia agents, such as an HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor (statin), etc? myopathy and hepatatoxicity