ATLS Practice STUDY GUIDE 2024

Definitive control of the airway is achieved by ____________ - Correct answerEndotracheal intubation How do you treat hypothermia in the ED? - Correct answer-crystalloid fluids at 102.2 degrees F and warmed treatment area What does definitive hemorrhage control refer to? (3) - Correct answer-1) Possible surgery 2) Stabilizing of pelvis 3) Angioembolization What are rates of fluid administration measured by? - Correct answer-Size and length of catheter Minimum flow rate of oxygen reservoir mask - Correct answer-11 L/min MCC of shock in trauma pt - Correct answer-Hypovolemia due to hemorrhage Describe the 3 for 1 rule - Correct answer-Replace each mL of blood loss with 3 ml of crystalloid solution What metabolic state can result from continued hemorrhage or decreased perfusion? - Correct answer-Metabolic acidosis In what survey, primary or secondary, are these identified? 1) Simple PTX 2) Pulmonary contusion 3) Traumatic aortic disruption - Correct answer-Secondary Via thorough PE, CXR, pulse ox, ECG and ABG What imaging study is preferred for penetrating abdominal trauma? - Correct answerCT What can FAST rapidly diagnose? - Correct answer-Abdominal hemorrhage When is a laparotomy indicated? - Correct answer-Fascial penetration with intraperitoneal bleeding or peritonitis What does the Monro Kellie doctrine describe? - Correct answer-The relationship between IC volume and pressure Normal resting ICP - Correct answer-10 mm Hg How do you reduce elevated ICP? - Correct answer-Mannitol in a 20% solution How do you temporarily control pelvic hemorrhage and instability? - Correct answerInternal traction and external counter-pressure How do you initially manage major arterial injury? - Correct answer-Direct pressure and fluid resuscitation Full thickness burn - Correct answer-Third degree burn What is used to estimate the size and depth of burns? - Correct answer-Rule of 9's Head= 9% Each arm=9% Front Trunk= 18% Back Trunk= 18% Upper leg= 9% Lower leg= 9% What type of burns appear wet and blistered? - Correct answer-Partial thickness burns (second degree) How do you treat CO exposed pt? - Correct answer-100% oxygen flow through non rebreather mask What is a reliable measure of circulating blood volumes in burn patients? - Correct answer-Hourly urine output *Goal= 0.5-1.0 ml/kg body weight* Hospital admission criteria for burn pt (8) - Correct answer-1) Partial-thickness burns greater than 10% total BSA (TBSA) 2) Full-thickness burns greater than 2% TBSA 3) Burns involving the face, hands, genitalia, perineum, or major joints 4) Circumferential extremity burns 5) All high-voltage electrical burns, including lightning injury--Admission of low-voltage electrical burns is selective 6) Chemical burns 7) Inhalation injury 8) Burn injuries in patients with preexisting medical disorders that could complicate management, prolong recovery, or affect mortality (eg, diabetes, immunosuppression) Parkland Formula for Fluid Resuscitation in Burn pt - Correct answer-3-4 mL Ringer lactate X weight (kg) X %TBSA burned (second-degree and third degree); *half administered over the first 8 hours* (from time of injury),* remaining half administered over the next 16 hours*