Biology Major Field Test Questions & Answers 100% Correct

Adaptive vs. Innate Immune Response - ANSWER-Adaptive - "specific response" Has immunological memory Later response (3-7 days) Uses B and T cells Effectiveness increases with exposure Innate- "nonspecific response" 1st line of defense Response within 12 hours Lacks immunological memory Mutualism - ANSWER-Benefit to both partners Normally partners cannot live seperately Cooperation - ANSWER-A beneficial but not obligate form of symbiosis Commensalism - ANSWER-One partner benefits, the other is neither helped or harmed Ammensalism - ANSWER-The negative impact of one organism on another due to release of specific compounds If a pathogen can be transmitted via direct contact it is ______ virulent compare to another pathogen that is vector-borne. - ANSWER-Less virulent Toxin - ANSWER-Specific substance that alters the normal metabolism of the host cell Autotrophs - ANSWER-Carbon source from atmospheric CO2 Heterotrophs - ANSWER-Carbon source from organic compounds Phototrophs - ANSWER-Energy source is light Chemotrophs - ANSWER-Energy source is from oxidation of chemical compounds