Openstax Microbiology Chapter 4 questions and correct answers

Openstax Microbiology Chapter 4 questions and correct answers Where are prokaryotes found? - ANSWERS Everywhere, air, ground, water, human body carbon fixation - ANSWERS Prokaryotes concert CO2 into organic carbon products nitrogen fixation - ANSWERS Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia for survival of plants Prokaryotes clean up - ANSWERS Degrade toxic chemicals How many are pathogen? - ANSWERS Less than 1% How can bacteria contaminate food - ANSWERS Food spoilage and food borne illness Prokaryote characteristics - ANSWERS Unicellular lack membrane bound nucleus and organelles microbial ecology - ANSWERS Study interactions btwn populations Cooperative Interactions - ANSWERS Benefit the populations Competitive interactions - ANSWERS one population competes with another for resources Mutualism - ANSWERS Both benefit Amensalism - ANSWERS One harmed and other not affected Commensalism - ANSWERS One benefits and other not affected Neutralism - ANSWERS Neither affected Parasitism - ANSWERS One benefits and other negatively affected resident microbiota - ANSWERS On human body, important for human health transient microbiota - ANSWERS Temporarily on human body (pathogens) Gram-negative bacteria - ANSWERS Proteobacteria and non-proteobacteria gram positive - ANSWERS Actinobacteria (high g+c) and bacilli (low g+c) Proteobacteria - ANSWERS alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon Nonproteobacteria - ANSWERS Spirochetes, CFB, Plantomycete Actinobacteria high g+c - ANSWERS Actinomyces app. , mycobacteria, corynebacteria Bacilli low g+c - ANSWERS Clostridia, lactobacillales, bacilli Mycoplasma (Low G+C) - ANSWERS Not gram and no cell wall Alphaproteobacteria - ANSWERS Oligotrophs (grow with low levels of nutrients) Agriculturally important and several pathogens Chlamydia ssp. - ANSWERS Alphaproteobacteria Trachoma/blindness STD (LGV): contagious and common in colleges Rickettsia ssp. - ANSWERS Alphaproteobacteria Typhus Rocky Mountain spotter fever Betaproteobacteria - ANSWERS Eutrophs (need lots of nutrients to grow) Important human pathogens Neisseria gonorrhoeae - ANSWERS Betaproteobacteria Gonorrhea Neisseria meningitidis - ANSWERS Betaproteobacteria