AQA AS Physics FULL SET EXAM QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

AQA AS Physics FULL SET EXAM QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Analyse - ANSWER Interpret data to arrive at a conclusion. Annotate - ANSWER Add notation or labelling to a graph, diagram or other drawing. Apply - ANSWER Use information in a new context. Calculate - ANSWER Work out the value of something. Comment - ANSWER Make a judgement based on a value. Compare - ANSWER Identify similarities and/or differences. Construct - ANSWER Assemble a piece of equipment (during practical work). Deduce - ANSWER Draw conclusions from information provided. Describe - ANSWER Give an account of. Design - ANSWER Set out how something will be done. Determine - ANSWER Use given data or information to obtain an answer. Discuss - ANSWER Present key points. Distinguish - ANSWER List the differences between different items. Draw - ANSWER Produce a diagram. Evaluate - ANSWER Judge from available evidence. Explain - ANSWER Give reasons. Identify - ANSWER Provide an answer from a number of alternatives. List - ANSWER List a number of features or points without further elaboration. Measure - ANSWER Find an item of data for a given quantity Outline - ANSWER Set out main characteristics. Predict - ANSWER Give a plausible outcome. Show - ANSWER Provide structured evidence to reach a conclusion. Sketch - ANSWER Draw approximately. Solve - ANSWER Arrive at answer using a numerical or algebraic method. State - ANSWER Express in clear terms. Suggest - ANSWER Present a possible case/solution. Write - ANSWER Recall basic knowledge possibly after a simple numerical manipulation. Accuracy - ANSWER If a measurement result is judged to be close to the true value. Calibration - ANSWER Marking a scale on a measuring instrument. This involves establishing the relationship between indications of a measuring instrument and standard or reference quantity values, which must be applied. For example, placing a thermometer in melting ice to see whether it reads 0 °C, in order to check if this has been done correctly. Data - ANSWER Information, either qualitative or quantitative, that has been collected. Measurement error - ANSWER The difference between a measured value and the true value. Anomalies - ANSWER These are values in a set of results which are judged not to be part of the variation caused by random uncertainty. Random error - ANSWER These cause readings to be spread about the true value, due to results varying in an unpredictable way from one measurement to the next. They are present when any measurement is made, and cannot be corrected. Their effect can be reduced by making more measurements and calculating a new mean. Systematic errors - ANSWER These cause readings to differ from the true value by a consistent amount each time a measurement is made. Sources can include the environment, methods of observation or instruments used. They cannot be dealt with by simple repeats. If one is suspected, the data collection should be repeated using a different technique or a different set of equipment, and the results compared. Zero error - ANSWER Any indication that a measuring system gives a false reading when the true value of a measured quantity is zero, eg the needle on an ammeter failing to return to zero when no current flows. May result in a systematic uncertainty. Evidence - ANSWER Data which has been shown to be valid. Fair test - ANSWER A fair test is one in which only the independent variable has been allowed to affect the dependent variable. Hypothesis - ANSWER A proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations. Interval - ANSWER The quantity between readings, e.g. for a set of 11 readings equally spaced over a distance of 1 metre it would be 10 centimetres. Precise - ANSWER Measurements have very little spread about the mean value. Depends only on the extent of random errors - it gives no indication of how close results are to the true value. Prediction - ANSWER A statement suggesting what will happen in the future, based on observation, experience or a hypothesis. Range - ANSWER The maximum and minimum values of the independent or dependent variables; important in ensuring that any pattern is detected. For example, can be either: 'From 10 cm to 50 cm' or 'From 50 cm to 10 cm' Repeatable - ANSWER A measurement is similar when the original experimenter repeats the investigation using same method and equipment. Reproducible - ANSWER A measurement is similar when repeated by another person, or by using different equipment or techniques. Resolution - ANSWER This is the smallest change in the quantity being measured (input) of a measuring instrument that gives a perceptible change in the reading. Sketch graph - ANSWER A line graph, not necessarily on a grid, that shows the general shape of the relationship between two variables. It will not have any points plotted and although the axes should be labelled they may not be scaled. True value - ANSWER This is the value that would be obtained in an ideal measurement. Uncertainty - ANSWER The interval within which the true value can be expected to lie, with a given level of confidence or probability, eg "the temperature is 20 °C ± 2 °C, at a level of confidence of 95%." Validity - ANSWER Suitability of the investigative procedure to answer the question being asked. For example, an investigation to find out if the rate of a chemical reaction depended upon the concentration of one of the reactants would not have this if the temperature of the reactants was not controlled. Valid conclusion - ANSWER A conclusion supported by valid data, obtained from an appropriate experimental design and based on sound reasoning. Variables - ANSWER These are physical, chemical or biological quantities or characteristics. Categoric variable - ANSWER A variable that have values that are labels. Eg names of plants or types of material. Continuous variables - ANSWER Variables that can have values (called a quantity) that can be given a magnitude either by counting (as in the case of the number of shrimp) or by measurement (eg light intensity, flow rate etc). Control variable - ANSWER A variable which may, in addition to the independent variable, affect the outcome of the investigation and therefore has to be kept constant or at least monitored. Dependent variable - ANSWER The variable of which the value is measured for each and every change in the independent variable.