CHAPTER 3: PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE SKIN

CHAPTER 3: PHYSIOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE SKIN Physiology is most accurately described as the study of the.. - ANS-functions of the body structures. The largest organ of the body is the.. - ANS-skin. Appendages of the skin include.. - ANS-hair, nails, sweat glands and oil glands. What removes and depletes lipids? - ANS-Exfoliation What does the skin protect against? - ANS-Outside elements and microorganisms The barrier function of the skin includes.. - ANS-the acid mantle. What is the average PH of the acid mantle? - ANS-5.5 What does TEWL stand for? - ANS-Transepidermal water loss The intercellular cement between epidermal cells is made up of.. - ANS-lipids. The immune cells that mature in the thymus gland and attack virus-infected cells, foreign, and cancer cells are the.. - ANS-T Cells. Sensory nerve fibers are most abundant in the.. - ANS-fingertips. The average body's internal thermostat is set at ____ degrees fahrenheit. - ANS-98.6 Which glands excrete perspiration? - ANS-Sudoriferous glands The sebaceous glands.. - ANS-push out oil and sebum to protect the skin. Some states define the esthetician's scope of practice as "not beyond the DEJ", which means that estheticians are to treat.. - ANS-only the epidermis. About 95% of the epidermis is made up of.. - ANS-keratinocytes. Which description most accurately describes the stratum lucidum? - ANS-A thin, clear layer of dead skin cells What is the average adult skin cell turnover rate? - ANS-28 days Desquamation is the process in which.. - ANS-keratinocytes are continually shed from the skin. Squamous cells are.. - ANS-flat, scaly cells. Which layer of the epidermis is located just below the stratum corneum? - ANS-Stratum lucidum On which of these parts of the body is skin the thickest? - ANS-The palm of the hands/ soles of the feet Keratin and intercellular lipids are formed in the.. - ANS-Stratum granulosum Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes? - ANS-Stratum germinativum Mitosis occurs in which layer of the skin? - ANS-Stratum germinativum Which cells in the basal layer produce pigment granules? - ANS-Melanocytes The thickest layer of the skin is called the.. - ANS-dermis. The two layers of the dermis are the.. - ANS-reticular and papillary. What is the technical term for a nail? - ANS-Onyx How long does it take for a fingernail to fully grow out? - ANS-4-6 months Stretch marks are caused by.. - ANS-damaged elastin fibers. The primary cause of wrinkles is the damage and loss of.. - ANS-elastin. Subcutis, or _______ tissue, is found below the reticular layer in the dermis. - ANS-adipose Identify the answer that is NOT a layer of the epidermis: -stratum lucidum -stratum germinativum -stratum granulosum -stratum epithelium - ANS-Stratum epithelium If you have folliculitis, you have.. - ANS-an inflammation of the follicle. Which fibers stimulate the arrector pili muscles? - ANS-Motor nerve fibers Differences in genetic skin color are due to the.. - ANS-amount of melanin activated in the skin and the way it is distributed. Products that suppress melanin production by interrupting biochemical processes are referred to as.. - ANS-tyrosinase inhibitors. Apocrine glands are most active.. - ANS-during emotional changes. What do cells need in order to survive? - ANS-Nourishment, protection, and the ability to function properly Which of the following stimulates cell turnover?: -alpha hydroxy acids -ceramides -hyaluronic acid -beneficial UVA rays - ANS-Alpha hydroxy acids The greatest aging effect on skin is.. - ANS-UV rays. ___ radiation are known as burning rays because they cause burning of the skin, tanning, aging, and cancer. - ANS-UVB Approximately __-__ percent of aging is caused by sun exposure. - ANS-80-85 As estrogen depletes, the skin begins to.. - ANS-lose it's tone. What is the main function of secretory nerve fibers? - ANS-To regulate excretion from the sweat glands and control sebum output ______ are made up of the neurons that form a network of pathways for conducting information throughout the body. - ANS-Nerves Nerve fibers send messages to the _______ system and brain to react to heat and cold. - ANS-central nervous Why are apocrine glands not considered true sweat glands by some medical authorities? - ANS-Their openings connect to oil glands instead of pore openings Which system controls the excretion of sweat? - ANS-The nervous system The _________ glands secrete oil and the ____________ glands excrete sweat. - ANS-sebaceous; sudoriferous The loss of excess fluid may lead to what in the body? - ANS-Dehydration What are cordlike bundles of fibers made up of neurons through which sensory stimuli pass? - ANS-Nerves Where are the largest sebaceous glands found? - ANS-On the face and the scalp