Patho Exam 1 - USAHS CA 2024 LATEST QUESTIONS & ANSWERS SOLVED 100% CORRECT!

physiology - The study of normal functioning of a living organism and its component parts pathophysiology - The study of the body's failure to maintain homeostasis Levels of organization in the biosphere - atoms molecules cells tissues organs organ systems organisms populations of one species ecosystem of different species 10 organ systems of the body - 1. circulatory 2. digestive 3. endocrine 4. immune 5. integumentary 6. musculoskeletal 7. nervous 8. reproductive 9. respiratory 10. urinary Circulatory system functions - transport materials between cells of the bosyDigestive system functions - conversion of food into particles that can be transported into the body; elimination of some wastes Endocrine system functions - coordination of body function through synthesis and release of regulatory molecules Immune system functions - defense against foreign invaders Integumentary system functions - Protection from external environment Musculoskeletal system functions - support and movement Nervous system functions - Coordination of body function through electrical signals and release of regulatory molecules Reproductive system functions - perpetuation of the species Respiratory system functions - exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between internal and external environments Urinary system functions - maintenance of water and solutes in the internal environment; waste removal Homeostasis - maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment Examples of variables maintained through homeostasis - temperature, pH, ion concentrations, blood pressure Four major themes in physiology - 1. structure and function are closely related2. living organisms need energy 3. information flow coordinates body function 4. homeostasis maintains internal stability Physiological response loop - stimulus > sensor > input signal > integrating center > output signal > target > response Circadian rhythm - daily fluctuations of body functions such as blood pressure, temperature, and metabolic processes Negative feedback - feedback signal turns response loop off and maintains homeostasis. ex) sweating, blood sugar regulation