WSU Bio 102 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed

WSU Bio 102 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed How does BPA cause cancer? it disrupts meiosis and mitosis causing breast and prostate cancer. 3 and 7 plastics may contain BPA What is a genetic fingerprint? how do you make one? -Genetic Fingerprint: DNA uses the differences in base sequences to identify individuals. -DNA fingerprinting involves 3 tools: 1. PCR to get large amounts of DNA 2. Restriction digest with blunt ends to fragment the DNA with precision 3. Gel electrophoresis to separate and visualize the DNA fragments Genetic engineering - how can you insert a gene into a new cell? -Genetic engineering is the permanent introduction of one or more genes into a cell, tissue, or organism. 1) Use PCR to isolate Gene 2) Cut the plasmid DNA with restriction enzymes (using a staggered cut) 3) The ends of the cut have an overhanging piece of single stranded DNA 4) The "sticky ends" will base pair with the DNA containing complementary sticky ends. 5) Use heat shock to get the genetically engineered plasmid into the cell. How are scientists using genetic engineering to create plants that make vaccines? -They identify and synthesize a single viral gene that codes for the virus Three steps for inserting gene into new cell. 1. Transcription (copy the code into mRNA) 2. mRNA Splicing (remove non-coding sequences) 3. Translation (translate the language of the nucleic acids into the language of the amino acids). Which plant is close to being approved by the FDA to make flu vaccines? Tobacco What is the mode of action for each of the different birth control methods (how do they work)? intrauterine device - most effect, t-shaped device w/ hormones condoms - the worst Bioengineering organs - revisit the story of how scientists are creating blood vessels that can be transplanted into patients and not have to worry about the body rejecting the tissue. -They collected smooth muscle cells from the blood vessels of organ donors and grew those muscle cells on a biodegradable frame shaped like a blood vessel. For the body to not reject the tissue, the original donors muscle cells had to be washed away. Once implanted, the donors own muscle and blood accept the tube and fill in the cracks. Blood vessels, nerve grafts, bladders, and windpipes have all successfully been implanted into humans. Lungs kidneys and hearts are being worked on. Antibiotic resistance - what is MRSA? How does bacteria become resistant to our antibiotics? -MRSA is Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. It is a staph skin infection that is resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin and methicillin. -Bacteria become resistant to our antibiotics through three steps of natural selection: 1.) Variation - If some bacteria happen to have an allele that can detoxify an antibiotic... 2.) Selection - When the antibiotic is added to the environment it will kill those without the allele. 3.) Reproduction - Individuals with the allele will survive and reproduce. - Next generation has more bacteria with the resistance allele. What does science study? -Science is a body of knowledge about the natural world and an evidence-based process for acquiring that knowledge. When someone makes a claim in science, what