BIO 210 - Chapter 3 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

BIO 210 - Chapter 3 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Plasma membrane - Answer- forms the outer boundary of the cell Cellular organelles - Answer- each performs specific functions Nucleus - Answer- contains the cell's genetic material and directs cell activities Cytoplasm - Answer- the material between the plasma membrane and nucleus Main functions of cells - Answer- -cell metabolism and energy release -synthesis of molecules -communication -reproduction and inheritance Plasma membrane - Answer- also called the plasmolemma or cell membrane Functions of the plasma membrane - Answer- -encloses and supports the cell contents -acts as a selective barrier that regulates what goes into and out of the cell -plays a role in communication between cells -separates intracellular substances from extracellular substances Intracellular - Answer- inside cells Extracellular (intercellular) - Answer- between cells also called interstitial fluid Lipid bilayer - Answer- double layer of phospholipids with imbedded proteins Membrane proteins - Answer- protein molecules that "float" among the phspholipid molecules; either embedded in or attached to the phospholipid bilayer Attachment proteins - Answer- proteins that allow cells to attach to other cells Transport proteins - Answer- proteins that move ions and molecules across the membrane Receptor proteins - Answer- proteins that attach to chemical signals on the cell surface Enzymes - Answer- proteins that catalyze chemical reactions Membrane carbohydrates - Answer- carbs that act as a marker molecules on the cell surface and allow cells to identify "self" versus "non-self" Glycoproteins - Answer- proteins attached to carbohydrates on the cell surface Glycolipids - Answer- lipids attached to carbs on the cell surface Glycocalyx - Answer- composed of glycolipids and glycoproteins; allows cells to recognize each other (cell-to-cell recognition) Chloesterol - Answer- embedded between phospholipid molecules; gives membrane strength and rigidity Selectively permeable - Answer- allows some substances but not all to pass through Diffusion - Answer- movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached Solution - Answer- any mixture of liquids, gases, or solids in which the substances are uniformly distributed Solute - Answer- anything that dissolves in the solution Solvent - Answer- the part of the solution that is responsible for dissolving the solute Concentration gradient - Answer- the concentration difference of a substance across a membrane Osmosis - Answer- the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Aquaporins - Answer- channels in membranes for water to pass through; usually only used for large amounts of water Hypotonic solutions - Answer- solutions that have a higher water concentration and a lower solute concentration than another solution Hypertonic solutions - Answer- solutions have a lower water concentration and a higher solute concentration than another solution Hemolysis - Answer- the bursting of a red blood cell due to it being placed into a hypotonic solution Crenation - Answer- the shriveling of a red blood cell when put in a hypertonic solution Isotonic - Answer- when the concentration of solutes are equal to that inside the cells Mediated transport - Answer- process by which transport proteins mediate, or assist in, the movement of ions and molecules across the plasma membrane Channel proteins - Answer- proteins that form membrane channels (ion channels) for specific ions to pass through ex: sodium channels, potassium channels Carrier proteins - Answer- bind to ions or molecules a