Chapter 1 - BIOL 235 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved

Chapter 1 - BIOL 235 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved Anatomy - Answer- The science of body structures and their relationships Dissection - Answer- analysis; cutting apart in order to examine. Used to study anatomy physiology - Answer- the science of body functions what are the 6 levels of structural organization from smallest of largest. - Answer- 1. Chemical 2. Cellular 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. System 6. Organismal Describe the Chemical level of structural organization. - Answer- atoms and molecules. eg. DNA Glucose Describe the Cellular level of structural organization. - Answer- cells (molecules combine) eg. nerve cells, muscle cells Describe the Tissue level of structural organization. - Answer- groups of cells. Describe the organ level of structural organization. - Answer- tissues join together Describe the system level of structural organization. - Answer- related organs Describe the organismal level of structural organization. - Answer- any living individual what are the 4 types of tissue? - Answer- 1. epithelial - body surface, lines hollow organs and cavities 2. connective - connects, supports, protects organs, distributes blood vessels 3. muscular - moves body parts 4. nervous - carries information what are the 11 systems of the human body? - Answer- 1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular 7. Lymphatic 8. Respiratory 9. Digestive 10. Urinary 11. Reproductive Integumentary system - Answer- Components: skin, hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, oil gland Skeletal system - Answer- Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints Muscular system - Answer- Consists of skeletal muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and ligaments that attach bones together to form joint Nervous system - Answer- Composed of neurons (cell, axon, dendrite), central nervous system (brain, spinal cord), peripheral nervous system (nerves of the body). Recieves, interpretes and transmits impulses and responses. Responsible for sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing (five senses), heart rate, breathing, speech, movement. Endocrine system - Answer- Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells. Cardiovascular system - Answer- Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. The heart pumps blood. Lymphatic system - Answer- Composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels; picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood; Involved with immunity; Without the system, the body would swell ad fluid becomes trapped in your tissues Respiratory system - Answer- A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the environment, consisting especially of the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Digestive system - Answer- Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and prepares solid waste for removal from the body. includes the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, anus) Urinary System - Answer- (excretory system) a system that helps maintain the water and electrolyte (sodium, chloride, potassium) balance within the body; regulates the acid-base balance of the blood, and removes nitrogen-containing wastes(byproducts of the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids) from the body. Contains the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra. Reproductive system - Answer- Composed of structures that form gametes, enable fertilization, support the development of the fetus, and enable the birth of a child. Gonads and associated organs what are the 6 important life processes of the body? - Answer- 1. Metabolism 2. Responsiveness 3. Movement 4. Growth 5. Differentiation 6. Reproduction Metabolism - Answer- All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. what are the two types of metaboilism. describe - Answer- Catab