Pilbeam's Ch 1 Basic Terms & Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation.docx

What is spontaneous ventilation? - correct answer movement of air into and out of the lungs What is respiration? - correct answer exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between a organisms and its environment What are the two components of respiration? - correct answer -external respiration -internal respiration What is external respiration? - correct answer exchange of O2 and CO2 between the alveoli & pulmonary capillaries What is internal respiration? - correct answer movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells Internal respiration occurs at what level? - correct answer cellular level Inspiration accessory muscles? - correct answer -sternocleidomastoid -scalene -pectoralis -trapezius Expiration accessory muscles? - correct answer -rectus abdominus -external & internal oblique -transverse abdominal -serratus -lattissimus dorsi For air to flow, what must exist? - correct answer pressure gradient What causes lung volumes to change as a result of gas flow into and out of the airway? - correct answer changes in the pressure gradient between the airway opening and alveoli What happens during the inspiration cycle? - correct answer -inspiratory muscles contract -intrapleural & alveolar pressure decrease -alveolar pressure becomes less than pressure at airway opening -gas flows in What happens during the expiration cycle? - correct answer -inspiratory muscles relax -decreased thoracic volume -increased alveolar pressure -gas flows out 1 mmHg = _____cmH2O - correct answer 1.36 cmH2O 1 torr= _____mmHg - correct answer 1 mmHg What is (Pawo)? - correct answer airway opening pressure What is (PM)? - correct answer mouth pressure What is (Paw)? - correct answer airway pressure Pawo is what amount? - correct answer zero or atmospheric pressure Pawo is zero or atmospheric pressure, unless what happens? - correct answer pressures applied at the airway opening What is Pbs? - correct answer pressure at the body surface What is the intrapleural pressure Ppl? - correct answer pressure in the space between the parietal and visceral pleura What is the Ppl amount at the end of exhalation? - correct answer -5 cmH2O What is the Ppl amount at the end of inspiration? - correct answer -10 cmH2O The Ppl is difficult to measure, so what can be measured instead? - correct answer esophageal pressure (Pes) The Alveolar pressure (Palv) is also called what? - correct answer intrapulmonary pressure or lung pressure What is the Palv amount during spontaneous exhalation? - correct answer +1 cmH2O What is the Palv during spontaneous inspiration? - correct answer -1 cmH2O What are the four basic pressure gradients? - correct answer -transairway pressure (PTA) -transthoracic pressure (PW, PTT) -transpulmonary pressure (PL, PTP) -transrespiratory pressure (PTR) What is the transairway pressure (PTA)? PTA equation? - correct answer pressure between the airway opening and alveolus PTA= Pawo-Palv PTA represents the pressure gradient required to do what? - correct answer produce airflow in the conductive airways