General Anatomy & Physiology.docx

Anatomy - correct answer The study of human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized and the science of the structure of organisms or their parts. Physiology - correct answer Study of the functions or activities performed by the body's structures. Histology - correct answer Also known as microscopic anatomy: The study of the structure and composition of tissue. The Study of Anatomy, physiology, and histology is important to the esthetician because: - correct answer Estheticians need to understand how the human body functions as a whole, to get a scientific basis on the proper application of products/services and the effects the services will have on the tissues, organs, and body systems. The basic structure of the cell unit: - correct answer Protoplasm, nucleus, organelle, nucleoplasm, dna, cytoplasm, and the cell membrane. Cell Metabolism: - correct answer A chemical process that takes place in living organisms. Through metabolism, cells are nourished and carry out their activities. The two phases of metabolism are catabolism and anabolism. They are carried out simultaneously and continually within the cells. Four types of tissue found in the human body: - correct answer Connective tissue, Epithelial tissue, Muscle tissue, Nerve tissue. (adipose tissue a.k.a fatty tissue). What are organs? - correct answer Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals. i.e the Kidneys, liver and the skin. The most important organs in the body: - correct answer Brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, skin, stomach, intestines. Eleven main body systems: - correct answer Skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, lymphatic/Immune, edocrine, digestive, excretory, respiratory, integumentary (skin), reproductive. Primary functions of the skeletal system: - correct answer Forms the physical foundation of the body, allows for body movement, produces blood for the body, stores minerals such as calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. Three types of muscle tissue found in the body: - correct answer Striated muscles, Nonstriated muscles, Cardiac muscle. Two types of nerves found in the body: - correct answer Sensory nerves (a.k.a afferent nerves) & Motor nerves (a.k.a efferent nerves) The primary functions of the lymphatic system are: - correct answer To act as a defense against invading bacteria and toxins, to remove waste material from the body cells to the blood, to aid in reducing swelling, inflammation, and accumulations in the blood vessels. Two types of glands in the Endocrine systems: - correct answer Exocrine glands (a.k.a duct glands) & Endocrine glands (a.k.a ductless glands) Organs of then the excretory system: - correct answer Kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, the lungs. Abductors - correct answer Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, abductors seperate the finger. Absorption - correct answer The transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells. Adductors - correct answer Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, adductors draw the fingers together. Adipose tissue - correct answer A specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body. Adrenal glands - correct answer Glands that secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body including the fight or flight response. Anabolism - correct answer Constructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. During this process the body stores water, food and oxygen for the time when these substances will be needed cell growth and repair. Angular Artery - correct answer Artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose. Anterior Auricular Artery - correct answer Artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear. Aorta - correct answer The body's largest artery. The arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body. Arteries - correct answer Thick-walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body. Arterioles - correct answer Small arteries that deliver bood to capillaries. Artioventricular Valves - correct answer Abbreviated ATV; valves which are designed to prevent the blood from flowing back into the pumping chamber. Atrium - correct answer Thin-walled, upper chamber of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles. There is a right atrium and a left atrium. Auricularis Anterior - correct answer Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear foreward Auricularis Posterior - correct answer Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear backward. Auricularis superior - correct answer Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward. Auriculotemporal Nerve - correct answer Nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull. Autonomic Nervous System - correct answer Abbreviated ANS; the part of the nervous system the controls the involuntary muscles regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels and heart. Axon - correct answer The extension of a neuron through which impulses are sent away from the cell body to other neurons, glands, or muscles. Belly - correct answer The middle part of a muscle. Biceps - correct answer Muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm. Blood - correct answer Nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system (heart, veins, arteries and capillaries) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them. Blood Vessels - correct answer Tube-like structures that transport blood to and from the heart, and to various tissues of the body; include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules & veins. Body Systems - correct answer Also known as systems; groups of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions. The human body is composed of 11 major systems. Brachial Artery - correct answer Located in the the upper arm, the brachial artery is a major blood vessel which runs down the arm and ends by dividing into the radial and ulnar arteries, which run down through the forearm. Brain - correct answer Part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; the largest and most complex nerve tissue; controls sensation, muscles, glandular activity, and the power to think and feel. Brain Stem - correct answer Structure that connects the spinal cord to the brain. Buccal Nerve - correct answer Nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth. Buccinator - correct answer Thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw the compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips. Capillaries - correct answer Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the veins. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials. Cardiac Muscle - correct answer The involuntary muscle that is the heart. This type of muscle is not found in any other part of the body. Carpus - correct answer Also known as wrist, a flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments. Catabolism - correct answer The phase of metabolism that involves the breaking down of complex compounds within the cells into smaller ones, often resulting in the release of energy to perform functions such as muscular efforts, secretions, or digestion.