Human Anatomy and Physiology 1.docx

Anatomy - correct answer The study of the structures and organization of the body Physiology - correct answer The study of the functions of the body parts Ventral - correct answer The "bellyside" / front size Midsagittal - correct answer Plane vertically dividing the body into equal right and left portions Mediastinum - correct answer The space between the lungs Cell - correct answer The basic unit of life; collection of organelles Superior - correct answer Uppermost or above Ventral Cavity - correct answer Bellyside cavity that includes thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity ATP - correct answer Energy; adenosine-triphosphate Atoms - correct answer Smallest particle of an element that maintains all the characteristics of that element Elements - correct answer Substance with the same amount of protons and electrons Ion - correct answer Charged atom Compounds - correct answer Combination of two or more elements in bonding Atomic Number - correct answer Number of protons or electrons Atoms are electrically_____ - correct answer Neutral Brownian Movement - correct answer Random collisions of diffusing molecules Diffusion - correct answer Movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low one Increased temperature causes diffusion to _____ - correct answer Move faster Osmosis - correct answer Diffusion of water Hypotonic - correct answer Solute Concentration higher inside than outside. Water moves into cell and causes swelling. Hypertonic - correct answer Solute Concentration higher outside than inside. Water moves out of cell and causes shrinking. Isotonic - correct answer Solute concentration equal on inside and outside. Water stays the same in concentration. Neutral pH reading is____ that only _____ has - correct answer 10^-7; distilled water Buffers - correct answer Substances that function to prevent radical changes in pH. Act as reservoirs for H+. Donates H+ when H+ concentration falls and accepts when rises. Protoplasm - correct answer The living content of a cell that is surrounded by a plasma membrane (cell membrane); solution made of water, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and inorganic cells Cytoplasm - correct answer The protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus ; the region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus Nucleus - correct answer "Control center" of the cell ; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction ; contains nucleolus ; nucleic pores ; continuous with Endoplasmic Reticulum ; the most prominent organelle Nucleolus - correct answer The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus Lysosomes - correct answer Spheres that contain digestive enzymes ; stores food, maintains and repairs organelles, contains suicide agent for old and damaged cells Chloroplasts - correct answer Large organelles containing chlorophyll (green pigment) ; composed of double membrane (inner + outer), thylakoids, and stroma (liquid). Where photosynthesis takes place. Mitochondria - correct answer "Powerhouse" of the cell. Organelle involved in ATP production through cellular respiration (converts energy in food into usable chemical energy) Ribosome - correct answer Site of protein synthesis ; composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins ; no membrane ; free in cytoplasm (results in proteins made to go anywhere within the cell needed) or bound to Endoplasmic Reticulum (results in proteins made to stay within the ER and/or be transported in vesicles) Plant cell wall is made of_____ - correct answer cellulose Photosynthesis - correct answer Occurs in plants; converts light energy (photons), CO2, and H20 into "food"(glucose) and oxygen. 6 CO2 + 12 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O Cell membrane is ______, allowing materials to enter and exit. - correct answer Semi-permeable Cilia - correct answer Short, hair-like structures made of microtubules that are located on the cell's surface and enable the movement of cells or the movement of materials outside a cell ; small projections for movement Flagella - correct answer Long, threadlike structures that protrude from the cell's surface and enable movement; large projections for movement Periosteum - correct answer Tough membrane on outside of bone; protects long bones ; provides nutrient-rich blood for bones cells and is a source of bone - developing cells during growth or after a fracture Osteoclasts - correct answer Bone-destroying cells; remove bone during remodeling Osteoblasts - correct answer Bone-forming cells ; spindle shaped cells Osteocytes - correct answer Develop from osteoblasts ; mature bone cells Ossification - correct answer The developmental process of bone formation Hemotopoiesis - correct answer Blood cell formation, occurs in red bone marrow Patella - correct answer Largest Sesamoid bone Hyoid - correct answer Only facial bone that doesn't articulate with another bone Atlas - correct answer The 1st cervical vertebrae (C1); yes bone Axis - correct answer The 2nd cervical vertebrae (C2) ; no bone Ischium - correct answer Strongest bone of pelvic girdle; the "sit down" bone Diaphysis - correct answer The shaft of the long bone; contains compact bone with a central cavity Epiphysis - correct answer The end of a long bone; externally has compact bone, internally had cancellous (spongy) bone; capped with articular cartilage Bone Growth - correct answer Occurs at the boundary between the metaphysis and epiphysis (growth plate); epiphyseal line Kyphosis - correct answer An abnormal outward (backward) curvature of the vertebral column Lordosis - correct answer An abnormal inward (forward) curvature of the vertebral column Scoliosis - correct answer An abnormal lateral curve to the vertebral column. True Ribs - correct answer First 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum by individual cartilage False Ribs - correct answer Ribs 8-10 Floating Ribs - correct answer Ribs 11-12; Don't attach to the sternum. Ligaments - correct answer Tissue that connects bone to bone Tendons - correct answer Tissue that connects muscle to bone Long bone - correct answer A type of bone that is longer than it is wide; femur, humerus, phalanges ; consist of a Diaphysis and an Epiphysis Short bone - correct answer Cubelike bones; the length, width, and height measurements are all about the same ; include the carpal bones (hands, wrist) and tarsal bones (feet, ankles) ; orregular Flat bone - correct answer Thin, usually curved bones located in skull, sternum, ribs, scapulae ; supply protection and excessive muscle attachment Osteoporosis - correct answer Condition of decreased bone mass, causing bones to become brittle and have an increased susceptibility to fractures. 206 bones - correct answer There are ____ bones in the skeleton. Manubrium, gladiolus, xiphoid process - correct answer 3 parts of the sternum are _____, _____ , and _____. Humerus - correct answer Upper arm bone ; largest bone in the upper extremity Ulna - correct answer The larger and medial bone of the lower arm Radius - correct answer The shorter and lateral bone of the lower arm Kneecap - correct answer General name for "patella" Thigh bone - correct answer Femur - Heaviest, strongest, and longest bone in the body. Hand bones - correct answer Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges Ankle bones - correct answer Tarsals Wrist bones - correct answer Carpals Heel bone - correct answer Calcaneus Collar bone - correct answer Clavicle Breast bone - correct answer Sternum Shoulder blade - correct answer Scapula Foot bones - correct answer Metatarsals In order to prevent the development of osteoporosis, extra calcium is needed in the diet, exercise can help by stimulating the formation of new bone ; Vitamins A and C are necessary for proper bone development ; Vitamin D (from Sun) is necessary for proper absorption of calcium - correct answer Explain how diet and exercise relates to bone growth and formation. Articulation - correct answer A place of junction between two or more bones; the point where two bones come together ; a joint