68W ALC Phase 3, LPC Questions and
Correct Answers 2024
pharmacology - Answer -study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical
processes
medical pharmacology - Answer -science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease
indication - Answer -reason or condition for which a particular medication is given
dose - Answer -amount of medication given within a specified period of time
single dose - Answer -amount of medication administered at one time
maximum dose - Answer -the largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a period of
time
cumulative dose - Answer -sum of all single doses over either a lifetime or a period of time
strength - Answer -amount of medication contained per tablet, capsule, suppository, etc
titration - Answer -administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity to achieve
and maintain a desired observable physiological effect (pain ctrl)
contraindication - Answer -medical reason not to give a medication
absolute contraindication - Answer -medical reason to NEVER give a medication
relative contraindication - Answer -medical reason a medication should not be given, but may be
acceptable in certain circumstances
allergy - Answer -immune response in which there is a hypersensitivity response induced by exposure to
a particular medication
side effect - Answer -unintended, but not surprising consequence of a medication which may require a
medication dose be changed or discontinued
therapeutic effect - Answer -desired change in physiology for administering the medication
therapeutic level - Answer -blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic effect
toxic level - Answer -blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage
,therapeutic range - Answer -variable blood levels of a medication between the therapeutic level and the
toxic level
therapeutic window - Answer -range of acceptable DOSAGES of a medication needed to keep blood
levels within the therapeutic range
peak - Answer -when medication is at its highest concentration
trough - Answer -lowest blood level of a medication between doses
half-life - Answer -time it takes for the body to eliminate half the dose of medication
steady state - Answer -relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after 5-6 half lives
of a medication
tolerance - Answer -when the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now requires a
higher or more frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect
resistance - Answer -when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics and it takes either higher doses of
same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms
metabolism - Answer -process of the body to break down and eliminate medications most metabolized
by the liver or kidneys
dosing interval - Answer -recommended time period between doses of a medication
onset - Answer -time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins
duration of effect - Answer -time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off
duration of therapy - Answer -length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure the desired
effect is maintained
dosing parameters - Answer -the limitations, considerations, and instructions required regarding a
medication; helps achieve the desired physiological response minimize side effects
Body weight, Comorbidities, Age - Answer -What are factors that affect dosing
Importance for patients to understand dosing parameters - Answer --too little: not achieve therapeutic
effects
-too much: increased side effects/toxic levels
Antibiotics - Answer -Medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria
Gram Stain Testing - Answer -Categorizes bacteria classification based upon chemical properties in the
cell's membrane.
, Gram positive - Answer -Indicates the presence of peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan - Answer -the substance that forms a tough, rigid structure of the bacterium cell wall
Gram Negative - Answer -the cell membrane outer structure consists of a cytoplasmic membrane
surrounded by a thin layer of peptidoglycan.
Aerobic - Answer -bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment
Anaerobic - Answer -bacteria that grow well in the absence of oxygen
Viruses and fungi - Answer -Antibiotics are not effective on what?
Sexually or asexually - Answer -How do fungi reproduce
Penicillin - Answer -Effective against gram positive aerobic organisms
1st Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against gram positive bacteria
2nd Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against gram positive bacteria
3rd Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria
4th Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria
Cephalosporin - Answer -Patients with allergies to PCN's have 10-20% risk of being allergic to...
Macrolides - Answer -Stimulates motilin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and may cause diarrhea.
Tetracyclines - Answer -Inhibit growth of bacteria therefore works slowly; posses anti-inflammatory
effect; don't use on children or pregnant women
Quinolones - Answer -Long term use may have increased risk of spontaneous tendon rupture
Sulfonamides - Answer -Sulfa based, broad spectrum antibiotic; effective against MRSA
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) - Answer -Safer than most antibiotics; Pregnancy Category B
Tinea cruris - Answer -jock itch
Tinea corpus - Answer -ring worm
Undecylenic Acid - Answer -Army foot powder
Tinea pedis - Answer -atletes foot
Liver - Answer -Where is Tylenol metabolized at?
N - acetylcysteine (Muconyst) - Answer -What is the antidote for Tylenol?
Correct Answers 2024
pharmacology - Answer -study of substances that interact with living organisms through chemical
processes
medical pharmacology - Answer -science of substances used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease
indication - Answer -reason or condition for which a particular medication is given
dose - Answer -amount of medication given within a specified period of time
single dose - Answer -amount of medication administered at one time
maximum dose - Answer -the largest amount of medication either as a single dose or within a period of
time
cumulative dose - Answer -sum of all single doses over either a lifetime or a period of time
strength - Answer -amount of medication contained per tablet, capsule, suppository, etc
titration - Answer -administering a medication with variable strength, interval, and quantity to achieve
and maintain a desired observable physiological effect (pain ctrl)
contraindication - Answer -medical reason not to give a medication
absolute contraindication - Answer -medical reason to NEVER give a medication
relative contraindication - Answer -medical reason a medication should not be given, but may be
acceptable in certain circumstances
allergy - Answer -immune response in which there is a hypersensitivity response induced by exposure to
a particular medication
side effect - Answer -unintended, but not surprising consequence of a medication which may require a
medication dose be changed or discontinued
therapeutic effect - Answer -desired change in physiology for administering the medication
therapeutic level - Answer -blood level of a medication required to achieve the therapeutic effect
toxic level - Answer -blood level of a medication which will cause tissue damage
,therapeutic range - Answer -variable blood levels of a medication between the therapeutic level and the
toxic level
therapeutic window - Answer -range of acceptable DOSAGES of a medication needed to keep blood
levels within the therapeutic range
peak - Answer -when medication is at its highest concentration
trough - Answer -lowest blood level of a medication between doses
half-life - Answer -time it takes for the body to eliminate half the dose of medication
steady state - Answer -relatively constant blood level of medication which is sustained after 5-6 half lives
of a medication
tolerance - Answer -when the body has adapted to having a medication regularly and now requires a
higher or more frequent doses to achieve the therapeutic effect
resistance - Answer -when infectious organisms adapt to antibiotics and it takes either higher doses of
same medication or a change to a different medication to kill the organisms
metabolism - Answer -process of the body to break down and eliminate medications most metabolized
by the liver or kidneys
dosing interval - Answer -recommended time period between doses of a medication
onset - Answer -time until a medication's therapeutic effect begins
duration of effect - Answer -time until the medication's therapeutic effect wears off
duration of therapy - Answer -length of time a course of medication is continued to ensure the desired
effect is maintained
dosing parameters - Answer -the limitations, considerations, and instructions required regarding a
medication; helps achieve the desired physiological response minimize side effects
Body weight, Comorbidities, Age - Answer -What are factors that affect dosing
Importance for patients to understand dosing parameters - Answer --too little: not achieve therapeutic
effects
-too much: increased side effects/toxic levels
Antibiotics - Answer -Medications which kill or inhibit the reproduction of bacteria
Gram Stain Testing - Answer -Categorizes bacteria classification based upon chemical properties in the
cell's membrane.
, Gram positive - Answer -Indicates the presence of peptidoglycan
Peptidoglycan - Answer -the substance that forms a tough, rigid structure of the bacterium cell wall
Gram Negative - Answer -the cell membrane outer structure consists of a cytoplasmic membrane
surrounded by a thin layer of peptidoglycan.
Aerobic - Answer -bacteria that thrives only in an oxygen environment
Anaerobic - Answer -bacteria that grow well in the absence of oxygen
Viruses and fungi - Answer -Antibiotics are not effective on what?
Sexually or asexually - Answer -How do fungi reproduce
Penicillin - Answer -Effective against gram positive aerobic organisms
1st Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against gram positive bacteria
2nd Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against gram positive bacteria
3rd Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria
4th Gen Cephalosporin - Answer -Effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria
Cephalosporin - Answer -Patients with allergies to PCN's have 10-20% risk of being allergic to...
Macrolides - Answer -Stimulates motilin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and may cause diarrhea.
Tetracyclines - Answer -Inhibit growth of bacteria therefore works slowly; posses anti-inflammatory
effect; don't use on children or pregnant women
Quinolones - Answer -Long term use may have increased risk of spontaneous tendon rupture
Sulfonamides - Answer -Sulfa based, broad spectrum antibiotic; effective against MRSA
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) - Answer -Safer than most antibiotics; Pregnancy Category B
Tinea cruris - Answer -jock itch
Tinea corpus - Answer -ring worm
Undecylenic Acid - Answer -Army foot powder
Tinea pedis - Answer -atletes foot
Liver - Answer -Where is Tylenol metabolized at?
N - acetylcysteine (Muconyst) - Answer -What is the antidote for Tylenol?
