People & Orgs CALT Exam Prep.docx

Rudolph Flesch - correct answer started debate & brought to publics attention how best to teach reading; plain English proponent; praised phonics; book "Why Johnny Can't Read" (1955) NICHD - correct answer Looking at the issue deemed the inability to read as "national health issue" and began to fund research in the area of reading; 1997 asked to create Reading Panel "Learning to Read: The Great Debate" Jeanne Chall - correct answer This book caught the attention of professionals and the government that our nation is in a reading crisis. Children are not learning to read since the look and say method came about. (1967) Basal Reading Programs - correct answer These programs begin to drive reading instruction. 70% of American Schools bought one or more of the best selling programs. (1960s to mid 80s); focus on basic linguistic concepts, reading skills, vocab; 1st were McGuffey Readers (1830s) Kenneth Goodman and Frank Smith - correct answer Developed the Top-Down approach to reading instruction. Believed that reading should be taught through immersion in children's literature . Teaches reading without breaking it down into parts. Whole Language based, emphasis is on guessing at words rather than sounding them out (1967 journal article, G said reading is a "psycholinguistic guessing game." G. Reid Lyon - correct answer NICHD former coordinator of reading research; former Chief of Child Development and Behavior Branch (1991) National Reading Panel Report - correct answer Produced scientifically based research that demonstrated that approximately 40% of the population "have reading problems severe enough to hinder their enjoyment of reading." (2000) IMSLEC - correct answer International Multisensory Structured Education Council NICHD - correct answer National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Which prominent names are closely associated with research on phonological awareness (Montessori/Clay/Liberman*** - correct answer Isabelle Liberman Research by NICHD indicates that of the students with specific learning disabilities receiving special education services - correct answer 70 - 80% have deficit in reading According to the National Reading Panel Report (2000), what represents the strongest indication of a reading disability - correct answer a deficit in phonology D. Berlin (1887) - correct answer Coined the term "dys" -- meaning difficult, "lexia" -- meaning pertaining to words. James Hinshelwood (1917) - correct answer "word blindness" -- ophthalmologist from Scotland that discovered that the left hemisphere of the brain affected word storage Samuel Orton () - correct answer Neuropsychiatrist from Columbia University in New York who first recognized dyslexia students in America. He discovered that approximately 10% of students will not learn using the whole words method. Also coined the term "strephosymbolia" (twisted words), which replaced the former term word blindness. Dr. Madonald Critchley (1964) - correct answer Established term "developmental dyslexia" at the World Federation of Neurology meeting at the Scottish Rite Hospital. Marianne Frosig (1960) - correct answer Did visual tracking research. Findings show there is no relationship between dyslexia and vision acuity. Isabelle Liberman () - correct answer Did research on phonological awareness that linguistic information is stored in its phonological form (all word recognition requires letter-sound access). Also studied phonological processing deficits affecting the ability to make use of letter-sound associations as an effect of rapid retrieval problems. Discovered tapping exercises. Hugh Catts (1986) - correct answer Speech language pathologist working at the University of Kansas. Did remedial work for programs to improve phonological awareness. Keith Stanovich (1980) - correct answer Researched the process of phonics and the need to attach sound to symbol. Readers with poor word recognition are more reliant on context than good readers (comprehension work). Bonita Blachman - correct answer professor at Syracuse University. Has done much research in the field of phonology and reading.Created Elkonian cards (kids who couldn't read couldn't segment sounds as well). Principals of ALTA Code of Ethics - correct answer standards of personal conduct, standards of professional conduct, conflict of interest, confidentiality Adolf Kusmaul - correct answer 1877 - first used the term "word-blindness". Alvin and Isabel Liberman - correct answer Alphabetic principle and its relationship to phonemic awareness and phonological awareness in reading. Chall's Six Stages of Reading - correct answer Students proceed through predictable stages of learning to read Stage 0 - correct answer Pre-reading - Oral Language Development