ENG 311-Spring.19 || Already Graded A+.

Objective interests (Eagleton) correct answers = Marxist term for the inherent self-interests corresponding to any given subject position within the social totality {Eagleton says the subject position occupied by the "third galley slave on the starboard side" contains an inherent interest to find a better job and that the function of ideology is to blind him to this fact; Rorty agrees he should find a better job, but says that interests are a matter of subjective opinion, not objective fact) Combahee River Collective Statement (1974) correct answers = Manifesto from black feminist lesbian group that first coined the term "identity politics" to refer to the interlocking systems of oppression that defined their particular struggle for social justice {Saw their struggle as distinct from those of other groups, and saw no "possible revolutionary role white heterosexual men could fulfill...since they are the very embodiment of reactionary-vested-interest-power"} Structural oppression correct answers = the theory that oppression is the function of power imbalances inherent in the hierarchical structures that make up society {your level of oppression is determined by where you stand within these pre-determined structures; assumes that blacks cannot be racist against whites and women cannot be sexist against men, since whites and men occupy higher positions in the hierarchical structure} Identity in Hegelian dialectics correct answers = goal of consciousness (Geist) is "the identity of identity and non-identity" {the subject can only truly know itself by knowing that which is not itself (the object, or other) and then incorporating that which is not itself back into itself; also called "unity-in-difference"} Slavoj Žižek's central thesis correct answers = the truth of something is elsewhere, its identity lies somewhere outside itself {There is, in a sense, a hole or gap in everything, a little piece missing that can be found beyond itself, revealing the truth of that thing. "What interests me," says Žižek, "is the idea of ontological incompleteness of reality. What if reality in itself is not fully real?"} Theodor Adorno's conception of "identity thinking" correct answers = the process in conceptual thought whereby every particular becomes an example of an abstract universal {Conceptual thought relies on the reduction of the particular to the universal and thus entails a kind of symbolic violence that gets translated into human relationships with others and with the world; e.g., the millions of individual Jewish people labeled the same and reduced to the mass grave of Auschwitz} Post-structuralism's celebration of the non-identical correct answers = French post-structuralist theorists like Derrida and Foucault say all representation is misrepresentation and therefore celebrate irreducible difference as an end in itself {Their creed can be summed up as "question authority, honor diversity"—a noble sentiment that critics say leads to anarchy, chaos, and disharmony}