Reading Specialist Review with Complete Solutions

Reading Specialist Review with Complete Solutions constructivism Jean Piaget's theory; children do not internalize knowledge directly from the outside, but create it inside their heads by interacting with the environment. Autobiographical narrative Helps you inquire into the past in order to better understand what you do in the present and what you would like to do in future classroom situations. Professional knowledge Acquired from an ongoing study of the practice of teaching. alphabetic principle Suggests that there is a correspondence between letters and sounds. grapheme letters; basic units of writing. phonemes sounds orthographic knowledge knowledge of common letter patterns that skilled readers use rapidly and accurately to associate with sounds. schemata reflects the prior knowledge, experiences, conceptual understandings, attitudes, values, skills, and procedures a reader brings to a reading situation. metacognition knowledge about and regulation of some form of cognitive activity. In reading, self-knowledge, task knowledge, and self-monitoring. implicit implied though not directly expressed; using the context of the sentence to understand the meaning. Piaget Swiss-Cognitive Development Theory - children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world; as children explore their world, they interpret and give meaning to the events they experience. Child's need to interact with environment and manipulate objects is critical to language development. Language reflects thought and does not necessarily shape it. Lev Vygotsky Developed the idea of the "Zone of Proximal Development," mainly focused on cognitive development of children. Children are active participants in learning. psycholinguistics study of the mental facilities involved in acting on and interacting with written language in an effort to make sense of the text., The study of how language is acquired, perceived, understood, and produced. sociolinguistics Study of relationships between social and linguistic variation; study of language in its social context. The study of everyday functions of language and how interactions with others and with the environment aid language comprehension and learning. miscues mistakes graphophonemic cues letter-sound information that readers process while reading. syntactic cues hints that rely on language structure or rules (sometimes called grammatical cues) Grammatical information in a text that readers process to construct meaning. semantic cues prior knowledge and experience that readers bring to a situation. Bottom up Model process of translating print into meaning begins with print. Initiated by decoding graphic symbols into sounds; identify the features of letters, link the features together to recognize letters, combines letters to recognize spelling patterns, links spelling patterns together to recognize words, and proceeds to sentence,