UTK BIO 150 Final Exam Correct 100%(RATED A+)

IS Eucarya more more closesly related to Archae or Bacteria? - ANSWER Archae Phylogenetic Tree of Life Age of oldest prokaryote fossil - ANSWER 3.5 billion years Age of oldest eukaryote fossil - ANSWER 2 billion years How many species of bacteria and archae have been named and described? How many do we think there are? - ANSWER 5000 species named estimated millions Metagenomic analysis process - ANSWER 1. collect samples from an environment containing a mixed community of unknown organisms and extract DNA 2. Generate small DNA fragments and sequence as many as possible 3. Compare these sequences with those of known genes Plasma transfer via conjugation process - ANSWER 1. two bacterial cells come into contact. Once cell contains a plasmid 2. copy of plasmid is transferred from donor cell to a recipient cell through a conjugation tube 3. recipient cell contains plasmid Recombination via conjugation process - ANSWER 1. portion of main chromosome is copied and transferred through conjugation tube to recipient cell 2. transferred portion of chromosomes recombines with chromosome in recipient cell 3. recipient cell contains recombinant bacterial chromosomes major structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - ANSWER Nucleus and internal membrane system Endosymbionts: Mitochondira Chloroplast hypothesis for the origin of the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER derived from the infoldings of the plasma membrane once present, nucleus types diversified