ACS Biochemistry Exam Questions and Correct Solutions 2024

ACS Biochemistry Exam Questions and Correct Solutions 2024 Metabolism (catabolism and anabolism) - Answer -Metabolism: sum of total chemical reactions in an organism, also the method by which cells extract and use energy from their environment. Catabolism: The process by which stored nutrients and ingested foods are converted to a usable form of energy. It produces simple products CO2, H2O, NH3, and building blocks such as sugars and fats that are used in anabolism. Anabolism: the process by which simple products and building blocks of catabolism are used to create complex biological products that contribute to organismal growth and development. It also uses the energy produced in catabolism to do biological work. Properties of cells - Answer -Metabolism: undergoing catabolic and anabolic processes. Reproduction: cell populations grow via asexual reproduction. Mutation: during growth and reproduction, cells sometimes make mistakes, leading to mutations and evolution. Respond to environment: metabolic pathways respond to signals, including light, touch, hormones, and nutrients, that can turn the pathways on or off. Speed and efficiency: cell operations are highly specific to maximize targeting and efficiency. Similar building blocks: most species are very similar at the cellular level. What accounts for water's unique properties? - Answer -Hydrogen bondingThe unique properties of water (specific heat, heat of vaporization, solubility) - Answer -1) high specific heat, or heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by one degree. For water to increase in temperature, water molecules must be made to move faster, or get higher KE, and doing this requires breaking hydrogen bonds, which absorbs heat. So, as heat is applied, most of it goes to breaking the bonds not upregulating KE, thus making water harder to heat than substances where no bonds need to be broken. 2) High heat of vaporization, or the amount of heat needed to turn one g of a liquid into vapor, without a temperature rise in the liquid. Important for sweat because it ensures that when the liquid evaporates from our skin, the heat required for the transition is kept in the gas, causing a net cooling effect on the skin. 3) Unique solubility properties: "like dissolves like". Water disso