HOSA Pathophysiology Digestive System Exam with Correct Answers 2024/2025

HOSA Pathophysiology Digestive System Exam with Correct Answers 2024 Missing Teeth - Answer --Permanent teeth missing. -S&S- Malocclusion (improper positioning of teeth), jaw pain, bolting (inadequate chewing of food). ~Congenital, periodontal disease Impacted Third Molars (Wisdom Teeth) - Answer --Third molar is malpositioned, preventing tooth eruption. ~Become impacted when they don't have enough room for eruption due to bone structure; adjacent teeth block eruption Dental Caries (Tooth Decay) - Answer --Erosion of tooth surface causing infection. -S&S-Mild toothache, hypersensitivity to sweets and temp. extremes ~Acid plaque eroding tooth enamel causing formation of cavity Discolored Teeth - Answer --Teeth are discolored -S&S- colors from slight yellow to brown and gray; brown spots, patches ~Age, Smoking, Dead tooth (gray color), red wine, coffee, tea, food, certain drugs, pertussis (whooping cough) Gingivitis - Answer --Inflammation and swelling of gums -S&S- gums become red,soft, and shiny; bleed easily; leads to periodontitis if not treated ~Plaque (sticky deposit of mucus, bacteria and food particles that builds up as a result of inadequate brushing and flossing) Periodontitis - Answer --Destructive gum and bone disease around one or more of the teeth -S&S- end result of gingivitis; pockets form between teeth and gums in ging. that expose the root; plaque develops; halitosis ~Plaque biofilm and unchecked gingivitis; poor personal oral hygiene; smoking. Oral Tumors - Answer --Neoplasms, benign(noncancerous) or malignant(cancerous), localized or invasive. -S&S- begin as single, small pale lumps. Benign do not metastasize.~Unknown cause Malocclusion - Answer --Specific angles of malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth, faulty bite -S&S- protrusion/recession of the jaw; teeth turned/twisted out of position because of crowding ~Characteristics inherited from parents; early loss of primary teeth or oral habits (thumb/finger sucking) Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Syndrome - Answer --Symptom complex related to inflammation, disease, or dysfunction of temporomandibular joint -S&S- clicking sounds during chewing; severe pain/aching beind ears and jaw joints, headache, dizziness ~Bruxism (grinding of teeth); malocclusion; habitual gum chewing Tooth Abscesses - Answer --Pus-filled sac in the tissue surrounding the base of the root -S&S- persistent aches/throbs; glands in neck and face become swollen/tender; fever ~Forms when a tooth is decayed/dying or when the tooth structure loss exposes the dental nerve to mouth bacteria Mouth Ulcers (Canker Sores) - Answer --Lesion on the mucous membrane, exposing underlying sensitive tissue -S&S- aphthous: occur during stress/illness; traumatic: from injury (hot food burn, rough denture) ~No viral cause known. Acute ulcerations- viral and bacterial infections, mechanical trauma, stress, or illness Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores) - Answer --Contagious recurrent viral infection affecting skin and mucous membranes -S&S- on lips and inside the mouth; tingling and numbness around the mouth precede the appearance (prodrome- initial stage of disease before onset of actual symptoms) ~Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); recurrent because virus can lie dormant Thrush - Answer --Candidiasis of the oral mucosa (mouth, tongue, palate, and gums) -S&S- burning sensation in the mouth; painful when rubbed; light bleeding might occur; sore slightly raised pale yellow patches in the mouth and sometimes the throat ~The fungus Candida albicans; can multiply out of control; prolonged treatment of antibiotics; cancer chemotherapy; diabetesNecrotizing Periodontal Disease - Answer --Infection