Pharmacology II BSN 315 HESI Review Questions And Answers

Rapid acting Insulin - answer-Lispro is a rapid acting insulin ( 15 min.), so meals should be readily available at time of administration. Patients who take this are at risk for hypoglycemic reaction to occur shortly after administration. Hyperthyroidism- medication administration - answer-Propylthiouracil (PTU) blocks the conversion of T4 to T3, which decreases hormone synthesis, and Lugol's solution (iodine, potassium iodide, together with distilled water) provides iodine needed in the thyroid hormone molecule. When an anti-thyroid drug & iodine should be administered at least 1 hour before the PTU, which enhances the therapeutic effect of both drugs. Spironolactone- Heart failure - answer-Hyperaldosteronism, a disease in which the adrenal glands make too much aldosterone, causing high blood pressure & low potassium levels, & spironolactone is used to spare potassium. The nurse should therefore instruct the client to limit foods that are high in potassium. Topical Antifungal - answer-The nurse should instruct the client to obtain a prescription for an antifungal medication to treat their toenail fungal infection. Gout-medications - answer-Uricosuric drugs promote the excretion of uric acid, & are used primarily in the treatment of chronic gout. Glaucoma miotics- side effects - answer-Miotics cause pupillary constriction. This reduces the eyes ability to dilate at night, & decreases night vision. Bulk-Forming Laxative teaching - answer-The nurse should inform the client that bulk-forming laxatives should be mixed with a glass of water just prior to administration & follow with an additional glass of water to prevent fecal impaction. COPD- discharge medication - answer-Guaifenesin is a mucolytic prescribed to liquefy secretions. The nurse should review guaifenesin with the client to facilitate expectoration of thick mucus associated with COPD. Acetylcysteine evaluation - answer-To determine if the medication is having the desired effect, the nurse should ask the client about the amount of phlegm production, as acetylcysteine is a mucolytic agent. The desired action is to liquify thick secretions, so they can be removed through coughing or suctioning. ARBs- assessment - answer-ARBs produce vasodilation by blocking angiotensin II at its receptors on the peripheral vasculature causing a decrease in blood pressure & an increased risk for orthostatic hypotension, which places the client at an increased risk for falls. Codeine- ambulate - answer-An important nursing intervention related to the administration of an opioid analgesic is to instruct the client to request assistance with ambulation because the client is at an increased risk for falls due to the sedative effects of the medication. Filgrastim-evaluation - answer-Filgrastim is administered to increase white blood cells in clients who are neutropenic (abnormally low white blood cell count). The nurse should inform the client that the desired effect has been achieved. Aspirin caution - answer-The most important nursing action is to assess the client for bleeding because large doses of aspirin can cause GI irritation and ulceration, & coupled with aspirins actions to decrease platelet aggregation, this also places the client at high risk for bleeding. Usiing the 10 point pain assessment scale provides valuable information about analgesic effect of the aspirin, bit it does not have the same priority that bleeding does. Prednisone- Moonface - answer-The moon face caused by long-term use of glucocorticoids such as Prednisone may subside with a gradual decrease in dose or the use of an alternate daytime treatment. Miacalcin- rhinitis - answer-The nurse should inform the client to alternate the nostril in which the medication is sprayed is recommended to reduce rhinitis, which is a common side effect of calcitonin nasal spray. Flaygl-treat partner - answer-For a female client being treated for trichomonas vaginalis who receives a prescription for Metronidazole, it is important that the male partners of the infected women are also treated, even if they are asymptomatic. Viagra contraindication - answer-When combined with nitrates, Sildenafil can cause fatal hypotension, so concurrent use is contraindicated.