SOLUTIONS- MICROBIOLOGY A SYSTEMS APPROACH By MAJORIE KELLY COWAN, & HEIDI SMITH- Answers to Multiple-Choice and True-False Questions 7th edition/ ALL CHAPTERS 1-25 INCLUDED

Chapter 3 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. b 5. c 6. c 7. a 8. b 9. ab, df, abf, ef, af, bc, ef, bf 10. c or d 11. F: Agar is not easily decomposed by microorganisms (although gelatin can be). 12. T 13. F: The factor that most limits the clarity of an image in a microscope is the resolution. 14. F: Living specimens can be examined with phase­ contrast or differential interference microscopy. 15. F: The best stain to use to visualize a microorganism with a large capsule is a negative stain. Chapter 4 1. d structure between gram­positive bacteria and gram­negative bacteria is the presence or absence of an outer membrane. 12. F: A research microbiologist looking at evolutionary relatedness between two bacterial species is more likely to use Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 13. T 14. T 15. T Chapter 5 1. b 2. d or e 3. d 4. b 5. b 6. d 7. d 8. b 9. c 10. a 11. T 12. T 13. F: Both the trophozoite and the cyst stages of protozoan life cycles can be substrates. Chapter 6 1. c 2. d 3. d 4. a 5. a 6. b 7. d 8. a 9. See figure 6.4, page 143 10. rabies, cold sores, genital warts, mumps, rubella 11. T 12. F: A viral capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. 13. F: The envelope of an animal virus is derived from the cell membrane or nuclear membrane of the host cell. 14. F: The nucleic acid of animal viruses enters the cell through a process called penetration. 15. T Chapter 7 1. a 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. a 13. T 14. F: An obligate halophile is an organism that requires high salt concentration to grow. 15. T Chapter 8 1. a 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. b 6. b 7. a 8. b 9. c 10. c 11. T 12. T 13. F: One cycle of fermentation yields much less energy than one cycle of aerobic respiration. 14. T 15. F: Exoenzymes are produced inside a cell then released to the outside. Chapter 9 1. b 2. b 3. b 4. c 5. b 6. a 7. b many are neutral or helpful. 13. T 14. F: Messenger RNA is formed by transcription of a gene on the DNA template strand. 15. T Chapter 10 1. c 2. a 3. a 4. d 5. b 6. c 7. c 8. d 9. a 10. d 11. F: The synthetic unit of the polymerase chain reaction is the amplicon. 12. T 13. F: A DNA fragment with 450 bp will migrate farther toward the positive pole (away from the origin) than one with 2,500 bp. 14. T 15. F: Plasmids and bacteriophages are commonly used as cloning vectors. 12. F: The acceptable temperature­ pressure combination for an autoclave is 121°C and 15 psi. 13. F: Ionizing radiation dislodges electrons from atoms. 14. T 15. F: Prions are highly resistant to denaturation by heat. Chapter 12 1. b 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. b 6. d 7. a or b 8. c 9. c 10. b 11. F: Most antiviral