Clinical Psychology (EPPP)

Oral Stage - answer-- Freud's first stage of personality development, from birth to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the primary pleasure center. Anal Stage - answer-- Freud's second stage of psychosexual development where the primary sexual focus is on the elimination or holding onto feces. The stage is often thought of as representing a child's ability to control his or her own world. Phallic Stage - answer-- Freud's third stage of personality development, from about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the genitals. Latency Stage - answer-- Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual development where sexuality is repressed in the unconscious and children focus on identifying with their same sex parent and interact with same sex peers. Genital Stage - answer-- Freud's last stage of personality development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence). Defense Mechanisms - answer-- occur when the ego is unable to ward off danger through rational, realistic means - these operate on an unconscious level and deny or distort reality (danger or anxiety helps alert the ego to impending threats, such as conflict between the id and the superego) Repression - answer-- defense mechanism in which id's drives are excluded from conscious awareness by maintaining them in the unconscious Reaction Formation - answer-- defense mechanism in which one avoids an anxiety evoking instict by doing the opposite View of Psychopathology (Freudian) - answer-- maladaptive behavior results from an unconscious, unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood Psychoanalytic Therapy - answer-- goal is to reduce symptoms by bringing the unconscious into conscious awareness and integrating previously repressed material into the personality - use free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences to confront, clarify, interpret, and work through Free Associations - answer-- a method in psychotherapy where a patient is encouraged to sit back, relax, free his/her mind, refrain from trying to be logical, and report every image or idea that enters his/her awareness, usually in response to some word or picture that the therapist provides as an initial stimulus