Brooks Biodiversity Unit 2 Exam Study Guide 2024 with complete solution

The Primary role of Fungi - correct answer-Decomposers- they break things down Modes of Nutrition in Fungi - correct answer-Heterotrophs with extracellular digestion Exoenzymes - correct answer-Fungi Release these enzymes outside of the cell wall. Break down complex molecules into smaller organic molecules which can be absorbed. Extracellular Digestion - correct answer-The release of exoenzymes out side of the cell wall, followed by the absorption of nutrients.. Saprobes - correct answer-Fungi that feed on non-living/dead organisms Symbionts - correct answer-Fungus that lives with another living organism (form a symbiotic relationship) Mutualism in Fungi - correct answer-both organisms benefit, neither is harmed. Ex: Lichens - fungi and algae (cyanobacteria) Ex: Mycorrhizae - fungi and plant roots Commensalism - correct answer-One organism benefits, the other is unharmed Parasitism - correct answer-One organism benefits, the other is harmed Examples of Parasitism in Fungi - correct answer-Ex: Fungus as a human parasite (Athelete's Foot) Ex: Fungus as a plant parasite 1. black stem rust on wheat 2. ergots on rye 3. strawberries with botrytis mold 4. pink ear rot of corn Black Stem Rust - correct answer-Parasitic relationship with fungus and plant. Occurs on wheat Ergots - correct answer-Parasitic relationship with fungus and plant that occurs on rye and gives hallucinogenic sensations Botrytis Mold - correct answer-Parasitic relationship with fungus and plants that occurs on strawberries Fungi Characteristics - correct answer-1. Heterotrophic 2. Extracellular Digestion 3. Chitin-Based Cell wall 4. Most fungi are made up of filaments called Hyphae Hyphae - correct answer-filaments (long and branching) that make up the structure of a fungus In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth Hyphae are Septate or Coenocytic Yeast - correct answer-Yeast is a unicellular fungi and do not have/grow hyphae MOST FUNGI ARE MULTICELLULAR, BUT YEAST IS UNICELLULAR Septate - correct answer-You can see the cell separation because the nuclei are confined in and separated by cell walls Think "separate" Coenocytic - correct answer-You cant see the cell separation. It is multinucleated meaning that there are multiple nuclei not separated by a cell wall Thallus/Mycelium - correct answer-collectively refers to a bunch of hyphae that together make up the body of the fungus Hyphae (smallest unit) make up the mycelium (entire fungus body)