pharmacology exam 2

Epinephrine, as an adrenergic (sympathomimetic) drug, produces which therapeutic effect? a. Urinary retention b.Bronchial constriction c.Increased heart rate and contractility d. Decreased intestinal motility - correct answer c.Increased heart rate and contractility The physician has ordered dopamine to treat the patient's hypovolemic shock secondary to severe blood loss. For the medication to be effective, the physician must also order A. fluid replacement. B. beta-stimulating drugs. C. antibodies. D.fluid restriction. - correct answer A. fluid replacment Your patient is to receive dopamine 5 mcg/kg/min. He weighs 176 lb. You have dopamine 400 mg in 500 mL D5W. You will infuse this at which rate? A. 20 mL/hr B. 30 mL/hr C. 35 mL/hr D. 50 mL/hr - correct answer B. 30 mL/hr When assessing for cardiovascular effects of an adrenergic (sympathomimetic) drug, the nurse understands that these drugs produce A.a positive inotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive dromotropic effect. B. a positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic effect. C. a negative inotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive dromotropic effect. D. a negative inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic effect. - correct answer A. a positive inotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive dromotropic effect. A hypertensive crisis may occur if adrenergic (sympathomimetic) drugs are given along with A.beta blockers. B. diuretics. C. alpha1 blockers. D. monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. - correct answer D. monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors The nurse assesses the intravenous infusion site of a patient receiving dopamine and finds it is infiltrated. The nurse will prepare which medication to treat this infiltration? A. lidocaine (Xylocaine) B. phentolamine (Regitine) C. nitroprusside (Nipride) D. naloxone (Narcan) - correct answer B.phentolamine (Regitine) A patient using Afrin nasal spray complains of worsening cold symptoms and tells the nurse, "I don't understand why this is not working. I am using it almost every 3 hours!" The nurse's response is based on knowledge that A. Afrin nasal spray is not an effective nasal decongestant. B. the medication needs to be used every 30 minutes for maximum effectiveness. C. the patient is suffering from rebound congestion related to excessive use of the Afrin nasal spray. D. adrenergic decongestants should only be used prophylactically, not to treat acute congestion. - correct answer C. the patient is suffering from rebound congestion related to excessive use of the Afrin nasal spray. our patient is receiving dobutamine as a continuous infusion. Titration of this medication is based upon which factors? (Select all that apply.) A tHeart rate B Blood pressure C Urine output D Liver enzymes E Respiratory rate - correct answer A,B,C nonselective beta blockers may be used to treat hypertension and A.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). B. heart failure. C.heart block. D. supraventricular dysrhythmias. - correct answer D. supraventricular dysrhythmias. An example of a cardioselective beta blocker includes A. propranolol (Inderal). B. labetalol (Normodyne). C. atenolol (Tenormin). D. sotalol (Betapace). - correct answer C. atenolol (Tenormin). When teaching a patient about beta blockers such as atenolol (Tenormin) and metoprolol (Lopressor), it is important to inform the patient that A. these medications may be taken with antacids to minimize gastrointestinal distress. B. hot baths and showers will help enhance the therapeutic effects and are encouraged. C. alcohol intake is encouraged for its vasodilating effects. D. abrupt medication withdrawal may lead to a rebound hypertensive crisis. - correct answer D. abrupt medication withdrawal may lead to a rebound hypertensive crisis. ropranolol (Inderal) is an effective A. selective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. B. nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. C. beta1-adrenergic antagonist. D. beta2-adrenergic antagonist. - correct answer B. nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. During assessment of a patient diagnosed with pheochromocytoma, the nurse auscultates a blood pressure of 210/110 mm Hg. The nurse would expect to administer which medication? A. nadolol (Corgard) B. phentolamine (Regitine) C. dobutamine (Dobutrex) D. verapamil (Calan) - correct answer B. phentolamine (Regitine) When assessing for cardiovascular effects of a beta blocker, the nurse understands that these drugs produce A a positive inotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive dromotropic effect. B a positive inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic effect. C a negative inotropic, positive chronotropic, and positive dromotropic effect. D a negative inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic effect. - correct answer D a negative inotropic, negative chronotropic, and negative dromotropic effect. The priority nursing diagnosis for a patient taking metoprolol (Lopressor) would be A. Risk for decreased cardiac tissue perfusion related to effects of medication. B. Acute confusion related to adverse central nervous system effects of the drug. C. Deficient knowledge related to therapeutic regimen. D. Risk for injury related to possible side effects of the adrenergic blockers - correct answer A. Risk for decreased cardiac tissue perfusion related to effects of medication. Patient teaching for a patient being discharged on a beta blocker includes which statement? A. "If you take your pulse and it is less than 60, hold your medicine and call your health care provider for instructions." B."If you become dizzy, do not take your medication for 2 days and then restart on the third day." C."This medication may make you fatigued; increasing caffeine in your diet may help alleviate this problem." D. "Increase intake of green leafy vegetables to prevent bleeding problems that can be caused by this medication." - correct answer A. "If you take your pulse and it is less than 60, hold your medicine and call your health care provider for instructions." The nurse is admitting a patient with a history of angina and hypertension who is currently experiencing moderate heart failure. The patient's current medication regimen includes digoxin (Lanoxin), furosemide (Lasix), and quinapril (Accupril). Which medication would be most beneficial for the health care provider to add to this patient's treatment plan? A. carvedilol (Coreg) B. propranolol (Inderal) C. esmolol (Brevibloc) D. sotalol (Betapace) - correct answer A. carvedilol (Coreg) Beta blockers are used to treat which disorders? (Select all that apply.) A. Hypertension B. COPD C. Angina pectoris D. Cardiac dysrhythmias E. Raynaud's disease - correct answer A,C,D Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) drugs have which therapeutic effect? A. Urinary retention B. Increased gastrointestinal motility C. Mydriasis D. Vasoconstriction Incorrect - correct answer B. Increased gastrointestinal motility Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic) drugs are indicated for which situation? A. Treating a postoperative patient who has bradycardia B. Lowering intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma C. Inhibiting muscular activity in the bladder D. Preventing salivation and sweating - correct answer B. Lowering intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma During postoperative teaching, the nurse explains that the patient is receiving bethanechol (Urecholine) to treat A. postoperative hypotension. B. urinary atony. C. respiratory atelectasis. D. postoperative ischemic colitis. - correct answer B. urinary atony Which is an adverse effect of bethanechol (Urecholine)? A. Constipation B. Hypertension C. Tachycardia D. Headache - correct answer D. Headache The nurse administering donepezil (Aricept) to a patient understands that the expected therapeutic action of this drug is to A. relieve anxiety and restless behavior of the patient B. increase levels of acetylcholine in the brain by blocking its breakdown.