AP World History - Chapter 11 <Study Guide> Latest 2022 Already Passed

AP World History - Chapter 11 &lt;Study Guide&gt; Latest 2022 Already Passed 1. Why was the location of Arabia important? Scattered oases, the highlands of Yemen, and interior mountains supported sedentary village-based agriculture, and in the northern and southern regions of Arabia, small kingdoms had flourished in earlier times. Arabia also sat astride increasingly important trade routes, which connected the Indian Ocean world with that of the Mediterranean Sea and gave rise to cosmopolitan commercial cities, whose values and practices were often in conflict with those of traditional Arab tribes. (Original: p. 303; With Sources: pp. 474-475) 2. Why was Mecca an important city? Why was Mecca's dominant tribe important? Though somewhat off the major long-distance trade routes, Mecca was the site of the Kaaba, the most prominent religious shrine in Arabia, which housed representations of some 360 deities and was the destination for many pilgrims. Mecca's dominant tribe, the Quraysh, had come to control access to the Kaaba and grew wealthy by taxing the local trade that accompanied the annual pilgrimage season. By the sixth century, Mecca was home to people from various tribes and clans as well as an assortment of individual outlaws, exiles, refugees, and foreign merchants, but much of its growing wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few ruling Quraysh families. (Original: p. 303; With Sources: p. 475) 3. How does the core message of Islam compare with that of Judaism and Christianity? Islam is monotheistic, as is Judaism and Christianity. Allah is the only God, the all-powerful Creator. As the "messenger of God," Muhammad presented himself in the tradition of earlier prophets like Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Like the Jewish prophets and Jesus, Muhammad demanded social justice and laid out a prescription for its implementation. (Original: p. 304-305; With Sources: pp. 476-477) 4. Why did the message of the Quran challenge the tribal and clan structure of Arab society? It not only challenged the ancient polytheism of Arab religion and the social injustices of Mecca butalso the entire tribal and clan structure of Arab society, which was so prone to war, feuding, and violence. (Original: p. 305; With Sources: p. 477) 5. Explain the concept of the umma. The just and moral society of Islam was the umma, the community of all believers, replacing tribal, ethnic, or racial identities. Such a society would be a witness over the nations, for according to the Quran, "You are the best community evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong." In this community, women, too, had an honored and spiritually equal place. The umma was to be a new and just community, bound by a common belief, rather than by territory, language, or tribe. (Original: p. 305; With Sources: p. 477) 6. Explain the five Pillars of Islam. A. There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of God. (absolute monotheism and a final revelation) B. prayer five times a day at prescribed times and performed while facing toward Mecca C. Believers are required to generously give their wealth to maintain the community and to help the needy. D. Ramadan is a month of fasting—no food, drink, or sexual relations—from the first light of dawn to sundown. E. pilgrimage to Mecca—the Hajj (Original: p. 305-306; With Sources: p. 478) The Transformation of ArabiaAP World History - Chapter 11 &lt;Study Guide&gt; Latest 2022 Already Passed 1. Why was the location of Arabia important? Scattered oases, the highlands of Yemen, and interior mountains supported sedentary village-based agriculture, and in the northern and southern regions of Arabia, small kingdoms had flourished in earlier times. Arabia also sat astride increasingly important trade routes, which connected the Indian Ocean world with that of the Mediterranean Sea and gave rise to cosmopolitan commercial cities, whose values and practices were often in conflict with those of traditional Arab tribes. (Original: p. 303; With Sources: pp. 474-475) 2. Why was Mecca an important city? Why was Mecca's dominant tribe important? Though somewhat off the major long-distance trade routes, Mecca was the site of the Kaaba, the most prominent religious shrine in Arabia, which housed representations of some 360 deities and was the destination for many pilgrims. Mecca's dominant tribe, the Quraysh, had come to control access to the Kaaba and grew wealthy by taxing the local trade that accompanied the annual pilgrimage season. By the sixth century, Mecca was home to people from various tribes and clans as well as an assortment of individual outlaws, exiles, refugees, and foreign merchants, but much of its growing wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few ruling Quraysh families. (Original: p. 303; With Sources: p. 475) 3. How does the core message of Islam compare with that of Judaism and Christianity? Islam is monotheistic, as is Judaism and Christianity. Allah is the only God, the all-powerful Creator. As the "messenger of God," Muhammad presented himself in the tradition of earlier prophets like Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Like the Jewish prophets and Jesus, Muhammad demanded social justice and laid out a prescription for its implementation. (Original: p. 304-305; With Sources: pp. 476-477) 4. Why did the message of the Quran challenge the tribal and clan structure of Arab society? It not only challenged the ancient polytheism of Arab religion and the social injustices of Mecca butalso the entire tribal and clan structure of Arab society, which was so prone to war, feuding, and violence. (Original: p. 305; With Sources: p. 477) 5. Explain the concept of the umma. The just and moral society of Islam was the umma, the community of all believers, replacing tribal, ethnic, or racial identities. Such a society would be a witness over the nations, for according to the Quran, "You are the best community evolved for mankind, enjoining what is right and forbidding what is wrong." In this community, women, too, had an honored and spiritually equal place. The umma was to be a new and just community, bound by a common belief, rather than by territory, language, or tribe. (Original: p. 305; With Sources: p. 477) 6. Explain the five Pillars of Islam. A. There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of God. (absolute monotheism and a final revelation) B. prayer five times a day at prescribed times and performed while facing toward Mecca C. Believers are required to generously give their wealth to maintain the community and to help the needy. D. Ramadan is a month of fasting—no food, drink, or sexual relations—from the first light of dawn to sundown. E. pilgrimage to Mecca—the Hajj (Original: p. 305-306; With Sources: p. 478) The Transformation of Arabia