PLCY 110 UNC final exam Questions And Answers Rated A+ New Update Assured Satisfaction

Anthropogenic global warming - Answer-- caused by human activity: - a layer of greenhouse gases- primarily water vapor, including much smaller amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide- acts as a thermal blanket for the earth, absorbing heat and warming the surface to a life supporting average to 59 degrees F - The idea that man is causing the earth to undergo a rapid rise in temperature Asymmetric distribution of costs - Answer-the costs are spread and not all places are impacted the same ex. island nations are very negatively affected by global warming while US does not really care because it does not get affected as much (and is affluent enough to deal with the costs) Asylum seeker/ asylee - Answer-already in country that they want to seek refugee status unable or unwilling to return to own country because of a well founded fear of persecution/ Cap and Trade - Answer-lets the market find the cheapest way to cut emissions -emission allowances - Mechanism to reduce the emission of pollutants by establishing a market for emission permits. Carbon pricing - Answer-the method favored by many economists for reducing global-warming emissions — charges those who emit carbon dioxide (CO2) for their emissions. That charge, called a carbon price, is the amount that must be paid for the right to emit one tonne of CO2 into the atmosphere. - The term used for putting a price on carbon This means that the prices of goods, services and activities should reflect their real costs, including the costs they impose on others through the damages that they cause. y ensuring that the prices of fossil fuels reflect their true costs, policymakers help markets to operate more effectively. Carbon pricing is a pro-market action, and those who oppose it are antimarkets; appropriate levels of carbon pricing will vary across countries. For instance, in lower-income countries carbon prices may be lower than the ranges identified by our report, partly because complementary actions may be less costly and the distributional and ethical issues may be more complex; . As countries raise the ambition of their nationally determined contributions to the Paris Agreement, and implement them, we will see more carbon pricing schemes introduced.Chapter VII of the UN Charter - Answer-- allows security council to determine the existence of any threat to peace, preach of peace, or act of aggression and take military and non military action to restore international peace and security - article 43: all members of the UN under to make available to the security council, and decide what action needs to be taken and calls on members states to donate troops Climate consensus - Answer-extremely high among experts over 95% people think the correct percentage of experts agree climate change is real is very low plate tectonics theory is a hoax It's most accurate to say that 97% of relevant peer-reviewed studies agree that humans are causing global warming, 99.9% of climate papers don't reject that theory, and those who deny the overwhelming consensus are peddling misinformation. Collective action - Answer-when their is little incentive to take actions against a problem because the cost alone is too much to bear and benefits would be hard to achieve instead of _______, privileged group is forced to pay the costs of everyone because everyone else does not have the means to/less of an incentive to pay for stuff that is collectively good for everyone -individual costs concentrated - public benefits diffuse - individual actions have (relatively) little effet - An action taken by a group of like-minded individuals to achieve a common goal. Common pool resources - Answer-non-excludable but rival if we act selfishly we might not leave anything for anyone else and might run out of it or make it much worse ex. fish in the ocean- forest and land - seas and fisheries- biodiversity (animals and plants - ozone layer -fresh water - climate - Goods that cannot be jointly consumed and for which exclusion is not feasible. Comparative advantage - Answer-By specializing in goods it can produce for a lower opportunity cost & trading with other countries, they can increase income (both countries will benefit) - The ability of a country to produce a good at a lower cost than another country can. compensation principle - Answer-because society as a whole benefits as a whole from trade, the concentrated costs that result from trade are helped with the from the gains of the trading; ; holds that one of two possible states constitutes an improvement over the other if the gainers could give something to the losers for their losses and still be at least as well off as in the original state. ex. giving $ to those that experience the concentrated costs Economic (welfare) rights - Answer-the right of the people to receive financial benefits/entitlements from the government Environmental Kuznets curve - Answer-as development/urbanization increases, at first you will see increased environmental degradation, and then they will get the resources to be greener, causing environmental degradation to go down reverse bell curve