Chemical reaction engineering (complete) Study Guide Written Questions And Detailed Answers2024.

chemical reaction engineering - correct answer field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which chemical reactions take place aim of chemical reaction engineering - correct answer maximise selectivity yield and energy efficiency chemical reaction - correct answer process in which one or more substances are converted to one or more different substances Change in atomic content, configuration, chemical identity of a molecule of a particular chemical species through interaction with molecules of other chemical species chemical equation - correct answer chemical change in terms of symbols and formulae of reactants and products chemical equilibrium - correct answer state in which both reactants and products are present and have no further tendency to change in their concentration with time le chatelier's principle - correct answer if a system at equilibrium is subjected to change in concentration temperature volume or pressure then the system re adjust itself to counteract the effect of the applied change and a new equilibrium is established reaction stoichiometry - correct answer calculation of quantitative relationships of the reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation Allows determination of amount of product consumed or produced in reaction Progress of reaction (Conversion) - correct answer Ratio of how much reactant has reacted Number of moles reacted/ number of moles fed of limiting reactant Limiting reactant - correct answer Reactant present in amount less than or equal to amount required in stoichiometry for reaction completion Yield - correct answer Shows how much of desired product was formed Selectivity - correct answer How much desired product was formed in region to undesired product Reactors - correct answer Various sized vessels where chemical reactions take place Reaction kinetics - correct answer Measurement of how quickly reactions occur Changed by concentration, pressure, temperature and enzyme activities Reactants - correct answer species initially involved in chemical reaction which are subjected to chemical change within the reactor to yield one or more products What information do kinetics give you - correct answer -Speed/ time in reactor What information does contacting give you - correct answer -Flow patterns/ distribution What information does reaction performance give you - correct answer About design equation Space time - correct answer aka holding time or mean residence time Time necessary to process one reactor volume of fluid based on a particular set of entrance conditions Space velocity - correct answer Reciprocal of space time rate of reaction - correct answer speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds in terms of disappearance of reactant or as the rate of appearance of product per unit time average rate - correct answer obtained by taking change in concentration over a time interval . approximation of the rate in time interval instantaneous rate - correct answer changing concentration of infinitely small time interval . expressed as the limit or derivative expression . found by drawing a tangent on graph and finding gradient chemical reactors - correct answer vessels vary in size from a few centimetres to the bath structures designed to control chemical reactions classification of mode of operation of reactors - correct answer -Batch -Semi-Batch -Continuous Classification of end use of reactors - correct answer -Chemical -Biological -Electrochemical -Nuclear Catalyst or phase based classification - correct answer -Homogeneous (single phase) -Heterogeneous (multiphase) Catalysts - correct answer Increase rate of reaction by providing an alternative route for the reaction with a lower activation energy Do not get used up in the process Virtually all transition metals are active catalysts or catalyst promoters homogeneous catalyst - correct answer Single phase and soluble in the reaction medium heterogenous catalyst - correct answer multi phase and remains in the solid state