EXSS 288 Final Exam Questions & Answers 100% Correct!

Cervical Fracture - ANSWERSCause: Axial Loading (a blow to the top of the athletes head while in flexion) Signs: Neck point tenderness, restricted motion, cervical muscle spasm, cervical pain and pain in chest and extremities, numbness or weakness in the trunk or limbs Care: Treat as if unconscious Cervical Disloacations - ANSWERSCause: Violent flexion and rotation of the head Signs: Many of the same symptoms as a cervical fracture. Head may be tilted toward the dislocated side with extreme muscle tightness on the elongated side and a relaxed muscle state on the tilted side Care: Treat as if unconscious. More likely to cause spinal cord injury than with a fracture. Concussion - ANSWERSWhat: A complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces. Can occur with or without LOC. Is a functional, not structural, injury. Not identifiable on standard imaging. (CT, MRI) Cause: A bump, blow, or jolt to the head Signs: Does not always result in LOC! Nausea, headache, balance problems or dizziness, impaired vision, light sensitivity, feeling "foggy," concentration or memory problems, confusion, amnesia Care: Serial evaluations compared to baseline testing. After asymptomatic for 24-48 hours and performs at baseline for all tests, conduct exertional tests. If at baseline for tests and asymptomatic for 24 hours prior to exertional tests, patient may return to play. Complications: Signs and symptoms lasting longer than 7-10 days, extensive loss of consciousness or amnesia, deterioration over time instead of resolution, personality changes Second Impact Syndrome - ANSWERSWhat: Rapid swelling and herniation of the brain following a second head injury that occurs before the symptoms of a previous head injury have been resolved. Cause: Impact while suffering from concussion injuries. Impact can be very minor. Signs: looks "stunned." Rapid loss of consciousness leading to coma, dilated pupils, loss of eye movement, and respiratory failure. Mortality rate is 50% Care: Causes mortality within five minute. Best management is prevention. Proper identification and not returning to play. Epidural Hematoma - ANSWERSWhat: A tear of the meningeal arteries that are embedded in bony grooves in the skull. Causes blood accumulation above the dura mater. Fast, arterial bleeding.