Global Politics - human rights IB Questions with well explained answers

Positive rights - Answer-Protected by authority. "Freedom to" Healthcare/education Negative rights - Answer-Do not require intervention. "Freedom from" Discrimination/slavery UDHR - Answer-United Nations declaration of human rights. Adopted 1948. Generations of rights - Answer-1. generation - liberty - civil and political 2. generation - equality - economic and social 3. generation - fraternity - cutural rights Treaty/convention - Answer-Legally binding agreements between states - is ratified to make part of a nations' laws Declerations - Answer-Not legally binding Core human rights treaties (7/9) - Answer-Women's rights Children's rights Disabled's rights Migrant worker's rights Elimination of racial discrimination Protection from torture Protection from enforced disappearanceUN's main goals - Answer-Maintain international peace and security Uphold international law Protect human rights Deliver humanitarian aid Promote sustainable development UN principal organs - Answer-General assembly Security Council International court of justice International court of justice (ICJ) - Answer-Principal judicial organ of the UN. Settles legal disputes submitted by states (only deals with states) Lacks compulsory jurisdiction Criticized for being western. Classical view upon international law. International criminal court (ICC) - Answer-Independent international organization. Has jurisdiction over individuals accused of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Global governance view upon international law. Realistic approach to HR - Answer-Sees it as a "soft issue" - says it is impossible to view global issues morally - more concerned about collective behavior Liberalistic approach to HR - Answer-HR is a product of liberalism - sees it as central and universal. Cultural relativism - Answer-The belief that ideas and values are only valid in relation to different cultures. There are no universal values.Universalism - Answer-Culture is irrelevant to the validity of moral rights Humanitarian intervention - Answer-Use of military force internationally for a humanitarian cause. Arguments for humanitarian intervention - Answer-Responsibility to protect Protection of nearby regions Helping the government who can't do it themselves Legally: HR intervention is a disruption of peace Arguments against humanitarian intervention - Answer-It limits sovereignty Human rights might be violated due to the intervention Violence against violence is not a solution Other solutions should be used instead History of humanitarian intervention - Answer-It was created after the cold war. Linked to an optimistic expectation of "a new world order". Public pressure from 24/7 coverage was a big factor to pressure governments to take action. Criticism of humanitarian intervention - Answer-Window dressing Body-bag effect (after a while people lose interest) Protracted counter-insurgency Top-down (are they universal) Responsibility to protect - Answer-Outlines two criteria for use of force: Large-scale loss of life Large-scale ethnic cleansing 3 aspects: Responsibility to prevent Responsibility to reactResponsibility to rebuild Main definitions of HR - Answer-Inalienable Indivisible Universal Key concepts of HR - Answer-HR Justice Liberty Equality