NAS2 Challenge Exam Questions and Answers All Correct

NAS2 Challenge Exam Questions and Answers All Correct Purpose of Scientific Method - Answer-solve a problem or answer a question Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Observe & Record, Analyze, Conclude - Answer- steps of scientific method Independent variable - Answer-a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure, change or controlled example: age dependent variable - Answer-a variable dependent on other factors, tested or measured example: test score - factors that go into a score you receive on a test control group - Answer-does not receive treatment and used to compare or measure the other subjects experimental group - Answer-exposed to changes in independent variable anatomy - Answer-branch of science concerned with bodily structure of living organisms; structure physiology - Answer-science dealing with the functions of living things or their organs level of organization - Answer-living things arranged from the simplest to most complex are: organelle cells tissues organs organ systems, organism populations communities ecosystem biosphere requirements for life - Answer-Cellular organization Reproduction Metabolism Homeostasis Heredity Response to stimuli Growth and development Adaptation through evolution survival needs - Answer-Food, oxygen, water, body temperature, atmospheric pressure (oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange) homeostasis - Answer-relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain receptor - Answer-senses environmental stimulus and sends info to control center control center - Answer-hypothalamus signals effector effector - Answer-responds to stimuli example: muscle contracting negative feedback mechanisms - Answer-net effect is that the original output of the system shuts off the original stimulus or reduces the intensity homeostasis negative feedback mechanisms - Answer-most common form of homeostasis, bringing people back to normal functioning negative feedback mechanisms - Answer-example of homeostasis: adjustments of blood pressure, metabolism, body temp positive feedback mechanisms - Answer-form of homeostasis level of variable changes in same direction as initial change enhances or accelerates output created by activated stimulus positive feedback mechanisms - Answer-example of type of homeostasis: platelet aggregation or accumulation in response to injury, child birth anatomical position - Answer-erect position, face forward, arms at side, palms face forward used to describe relation to other things coronal, sagittal, transverse - Answer-3 major planes of dissection cranial - Answer-brain body region spinal/vertebral - Answer-spinal cord body region thoracic cavity - Answer-lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus abdominal cavity - Answer-stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, small/large intestines, kidneys pleural cavity - Answer-contains lungs pelvic cavity - Answer-end of large intestines, urinary bladder, reproductive organs mediastinum - Answer-seperates lungs pericardial - Answer-contains heart axial - Answer-head, neck, and trunk of body appendicular - Answer-limbs electron - Answer-negatively charged particle, outer shell proton - Answer-positive, in nucleus number of protons - Answer-number of electrons is equal to the same... number of protons - Answer-atomic number is equal to... atomic mass - Answer-sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus the weighted average mass of isotopes of an element, found below the element symbol ionic bond - Answer-chemical bond formed between two ions that are opposite charges, atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom covalent bond - Answer-sharing electron pairs between atoms polar covalent bond - Answer-pair of electrons unequally shared between two atoms nonpolar covalent bond - Answer-two atoms share a pair of electrons with each other hydrogen bond - Answer-weak bond result of attraction between proton and electronegative atom of another enzymes - Answer-catalyze chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers and converting substrate molecules to products substrate - Answer-reactant acted upon by an enzyme enzymes active site binds to this active site - Answer-part of an enzyme to which substrates bind and where a reaction is catalyzed enzymes - Answer-promote chemical reactions by bringing substrates together in an optimal orientation, thus creating an ideal chemical environment for the reaction to occur always return to original state decomposition - Answer-single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds These reactions often involve heat, light, electricity