NUR 220 CCTC TEST 4 (UNIT 8, 9, & 10) with Complete Solutions | A+ Grade

communicable disease- - infection often caused by direct transmission (from one person or animal to another by body fluid contact), via indirect transmission (to a person by contact with contaminated objects), or by vectors (ticks, mosquitoes, other insects) For a communicable disease to occur three factors need to be in place: - 1) an infectious agent or pathogen 2) an effective means of transmission 3) presence of susceptible host Incubation period- - interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms Communicability period- - interval during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person When are lesions the most contagious? - *when the lesions are open or weeping* Treatments for communicable diseases: - *NO ASPIRIN* this can cause Reye's Syndrome Key factors about viral infections: - -smallest pathogens -No organized cellular structure -Incapable of replicating outside of a living cell -Treat the symptoms. Key factors with Bacterial infections: - -*Autonomously replicating unicellular organisms known as prokaryotes* (lack of organized nucleus) -Most produce a cell wall produced only by prokaryotes. An attractive target for antibacterial therapyKey factors with Fungal infections: - -free living eukaryotic -some are members of the normal human microflora -Some can be life threatening. Varicella (chicken pox) causal agent: - varicella-zoster, human herpesvirus 3 Epidemiology of varicella: - -humans are source of infection -peaks in late fall, winter, and spring -Maternal antibodies disappear 2-3 months after birth Transmission of Varicella: - direct contact of the virus to the mucous membranes or conjunctiva primarily through airborne secretions and sometimes with lesion contact Incubation period of varicella: - 14-21 days Period of communicability with varicella: - -most contagious 1-2 days before rash to shortly after onset of rash. Contagious until all lesions are crusted over. Contagious state may be prolonged after passive immunization or in immunodeficient child S/S of varicella: - -acute onset of mild fever, anorexia, headache -begins as a macular rash that progresses to a papule, then clear fluid-filled vesicle before crusting -lesions usually on the trunk, scalp and face, and spread to the rest of the body. Lesions in the mouth may lead to decreased fluid intake Complications of varicella: - -can be fatal in newborns of infected mothers and immunocompromised children (carefully monitor children undergoing chemo, steroid tx, or transplant therapy after exposure to the disease) Medical management of varicella: - -supportive care -IV acyclovir used for immunocompromised pts and those in high dose corticosteriods-monitor side effects of acyclovir. Monitor renal function if the child has renal insufficiency Nursing management of varicella: - -airborne and contact precautions -isolate all hospitalized children and children at home -*give acetaminophen or ibuprofen to control fever* -control itching with oral antihistamines, soothing oatmeal and Aveeno baths, or caladryl lotion -change bed linens frequently. -wash linens in *hot* water -Wash linens separately -*can cause sterility in adolescent males* Causal agent of measles (rubeola): - morbillivirus, a member of the paramyxovirus group Epidemiology of measles (Rubeola): - occurrence peaks in late winter and early spring Transmission of measles (Rubeola): - direct contract with resp. droplets and airborne spread Period of communicability for measles: - 4 days before the rash and 4 days after ras