Fresenius PCT New Hire Exam Questions with Correct Answers

What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow? Correct Answer (2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra. Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis? Correct Answer Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance What is the function of renin? Correct Answer Renin is a hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance Erythropoietin Correct Answer stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (rbsc). Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D? Correct Answer The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form. This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)? Correct Answer No longer produce calcitriol - the active form of Vitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes demineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down to release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further calcium bone loss What are the body fluid compartments? Correct Answer Intracellular-inside the cells • Extracellular-outside the cells • Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-between the cells What is homeostasis? Correct Answer Maintaining a stable internal environment Uremia Correct Answer build up of waste What is a semi-permeable membrane? Correct Answer A membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes. Only certain molecules can fit through. At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur? Correct Answer Diffusion will continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the concentration of each electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration in the dialysate. What is countercurrent flow? Correct Answer Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot? Correct Answer Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease