Test (elaborations) AP environmental science

Quiz for Unit 2.1 (Predation) and Unit 2.2 (Niches and Competitive Exclusion) Wrong answers are highlighted yellow Correct Answers are purple-pink Quiz-Predation A remora is a small fish that lives alongside larger fish, such as sharks and mantas, as well as other animals. The remoras travel with the large fish wherever they go. A study was conducted to provide evidence of the type of symbiotic relationship that exists between these small fish and their larger hosts. Which observation would support the claim that the remora is a commensalistic animal? Responses A remora increased in mass after feeding off the blood of a shark. A shark appeared to be unphased by the presence of the remora that ate its scraps of food. A remora got a food source at the same time as a manta was able to find food. A manta started to lose weight because a remora was attached to its side. Examine the study. A study of bumblebees in the Colorado mountains found that different bumblebee species preferred different species of flower. The bees with the shorter proboscises/tongues preferred the flowers with the shorter corollas (the petals surrounding the reproduction portion of the flower), and the bees with longer mouthparts visited flowers with longer corollas more frequently. This adaptation allowed three to four bumblebee species to coexist in the same range. Which phenomenon does this study show? Responses Interference Invasive species Resource partitioning Intraspecific competition Predators develop adaptations and change behaviors in order to better catch their prey. Which of the following adaptations help make an owl a more effective predator? Responses They make a variety of noises, including hooting. They can live both underground burrows and in trees. They have both forward- and backward-facing toes. They have feathers that allow them to fly soundlessly. The oxpecker is a bird that lives on the African savanna. As its name suggests, it spends a lot of its time on the backs of water buffalo, wildebeest, and zebras, on the hunt for insects that live in those animals’ fur. Which type of symbiotic relationship is this? Responses Commensalistic Parasitic Hemiparasitic Mutualistic 5. This graph shows the relationship between the snowshoe hare and the lynx in Canada. What impact does the population of lynx have on the snowshoe hare population? Responses A decrease in the hare population causes the lynx population to increase. When there are many lynx, the hare population increases. Large lynx populations result in the hare population decreasing. Small populations of hares cause lynx populations to stabilize. Quiz- Niches and Competitive Exclusion Which of the following is the best example of competitive exclusion? Responses The Cnemaspis genus of gecko in Southeast Asia is nocturnal, while its biggest resource competitor, the Cyrtodactylus genus of gecko, is diurnal. Domestic cats over-hunting their prey have contributed to the extinction of 63 species of birds and caused species, such as the piping plover, to become endangered. Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum thrive in individual test tubes, but when both species are placed in a single test tube, the population of P. caudatum drops to zero while the population of P. aurelia increases. Aspen trees grow quickly, sending up clones through the soil along their root system. This reduces the amount of nutrients available in the soil, so fewer maple trees grow in the same forest. Identify which of the following situations would reduce competition among organisms. Choose three options. Responses Construction of a new highway divides a group of buffalo, leaving one group on either side. A harbormaster clears out around a dock, removing all the kelp that is home to several species of fish. An uncontrolled forest fire wipes out all the plants and hiding places in an area. A property owner plants a second crabapple tree after noticing that the cardinals enjoy eating the fruit. Several bears from a larger group that live in a particular forest become more active at night. Which of the following traits would be included in a lion's niche? Select three options. Responses The lion has 2 cubs at one time. The lion is a carnivorous predator. The lion has fur covering its body. The lion is most active at night. The lion chases prey across the savanna. Which of the following examples demonstrates an organism’s realized niche? Responses a sunfish swimming in a local pond all of the maple trees in Vermont all the state parks in New York the squirrels eating acorns in a forest In Gause's Paramecium experiment, two species of Paramecia were cultured together. At first, both thrived, but eventually, Paramecium aurelia was able to outcompete Paramecium caudatum, leading to a population crash for the P. caudatum. How could the experiment be changed to allow both species to continue to co-exist? Responses Give the species the ability to feed whenever they want to. Give the species access to an external environment that remains constant. Give the species enough space to live so they can resource partition. Give the species access to an adequate supply of mates.