WGU D322 Introduction to IT Correct answers latest update

WGU D322 Introduction to IT Correct answers latest update Information Technology technology used in creating and making information accessible. IT Professional Roles Administration / Support System Administrator Maintains system (hardware, software, and programming) Network Administrator In charge of the computer network Database Administrator Focuses on the design, development, and support of DBMS Security Administrator Installs/administers firewall security to protect systems and stop intrusions. Web Administrator Installs/troubleshoots web severs. Support IT Professionals Help desk and training. Information Processed data. DIKW Hierarchy Data Information Knowledge Wisdom Data in DIKW The input (not usable until it converted into a relevant form) Information in DIKW inferred from data data transformed into a useful form by applying 1+ processes Knowledge in DIKW (Refined) Information placed into a context. recalling relevant information Wisdom in DIKW Provides a social setting to knowledge an understanding of the "why" knowledge and experience. Information Systems A collection of data and information that supports decision making in an organization. Existed for a lot longer than computers. Enables data processing and storage them delivering information Characteristics of Quality Data Relevance - relates directly to decision being made Timely - efficient and provided in a timely manner Thorough - the data must be complete Accurate - data = captured only once (where possible). Captured as close as possible to the point of activity Reliable - stable and consistent over time IPOS The Input-Procession-Output-Storage Cycle Input Raw data is entered by the user. Processing Raw data is structured for usefulness. Output Information is output so user can see results. Storage Processed info stored for permanent record. Computer System A collection of components working together to meet the users needs; hardware, software, networks, users. Hardware is the And contains the ____ and ________ Physical components (tangible) system unit and peripheral devices Software contain the 1) 2)that perform this function 3)to accomplish Computer programs That tell the computer how to process information then execute commands Network is a ____ of _______ and _______ These things communicate with each other by ______ _______ A collection of computers and resources that communicate with each other by various media User Those who use a computer. Software Categories Systems Software Applications Software Evolution of Users 1,2,3 First users: engineers who built and programmed computers Next: employees who had received specialized training Today: anyone can be a user. Protocol is the Rules for computers to communicate by 2 most common protocols TCIP IP TCP/IP is required by all ______that _________ Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol required of all computers that communicate over the Internet. Protocol Stack A collection of protocols EX: TCP/IP Components of a Computer 1) 2)__&___ 3) CPU, Memory and Storage, Peripheral Devices CPU Executes programs _______ ____________ components of computer AKA the "______" Executes programs' instructions commands various components in the computer The "chip" Memory Stores... ________ and their _______ programs and their data. I/O Subsystem contain ___________ where _____ ________ _________devices are used All peripheral devices where long term storage devices are used. Bus contain _______ _____ that enable communication among the _________ ________ electrical channels that enable communication among the electronic components Permits information to move between each component The System Unit is the _________ component of _____ ______ ________ systems Critical component of all computer based systems The system unit consists of 1) 2)and come in ______ hardware the computer needs to run; comes in a variety of shapes and sizes./a tower or chassis/all internal computer Internal Components of the System Unit Ce,Internal B,B,P, HD,MB,C,CC,R,Psu,ExS/C Case, Internal Bays, Buses, Ports, Hard Drive, Motherboard, CPU, CPU Cooler, Memory Module (RAM), Power Supply Unit (PSU), Expansion Slots/Cards Parts of the CPU CU - control unit ALU- arithmetic logic unit Control Unit (CU) retrieves input (instructions and the raw data) and sends to the ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) completes calculations / logical operations to !process data! and convert the input (keyboard text) to output (displayed on the screen) System Clock controls what Controls the speed at which instructions are processed. RAM Stands for... Temporarily stores data before it is ________ and then ____ V/NV? Amount Stands for Random Access Memory. It temporarily stores data before it is processed and sent to your screen or printer. It is volatile You can choose the amount of RAM your computer has. //primary or main memory. Unlike a hard drive (permanent memory, secondary memory), this memory is fast and directly accessible by the CPU Volatile means data/info _________ when power is lost or turned off means data or information stored disappears when the computer is turned off or loses power Types of RAM Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Static RAM (SRAM) DRAM typically called main memory SRAM ______ memory and ___________ cache memory and registers, It is built directly into the CPU to give the processor the fastest possible access to memory locations BIOS ROM stands for Basic Input Output System Read Only Memory. BIOS ROM is typically stored in a _____ ______ on the ________________ ROM chip on the motherboard. BIOS ROM is considered ___ and starts running when ______ software ("basic" OS) runs when the computer is first turned on) BIOS ROM Runs tests of _______ and the _______ and initializes hardware components so that the OS is loaded from the ______ ______ memory and the CPU hard disk. BIOS ROM can't choose Can't choose the amount or contents. 1st Generation of Computers Contained 1&2 And used what programming language Vacuum tubes, relay switches, machine language for programming 2nd Generation of Computers Exchanged vacuum tubes for 2&2 called mainframe computers ____ memory -size -program Transistor components, disk drives and drums, called mainframe computers magnetic core memory, smaller size, easier to program 3rd Generation of Computers Exchanged transistors for _____ _____ (known as ___) Cost Called _____ _________ Networks introduced via ______ __________ Silicon chips (known as ICs - integrated circuits) reduced cost called mini computers networks introduced via dumb terminals 4th Generation of Computers SC Processor Called ________ First _____ _______ computer graphics For ______ use Single chip processor called microcomputer, first personal computer, rudimentary computer graphics, home use Moore's Law The number of transistors per square inch on an integrated chip doubles every 18 months Evolution of Storage Pc,Mtape,Hdk,Fdk,Odk,FlMm,Clstg Punch cards magnetic tape hard disks floppy disks optical discs flash memory