Patho NR 283 Exam 1

Patho NR 283 Exam 1 In regards to chromosomal mutation, nondisjunction is known as what? - Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during cell division What is an example of an autosomal-dominant disease? - Huntington's disease What is an example of an autosomal-recessive disease? - Cystic fibrosis What is an example of an X-linked condition? - Red - green color blindness What is an example of multifactorial inheritance? - Pyloric stenosis Knowing physiologic signs of injury you might expect the following system is consistent with systemic manifestations of cellular injury during a myocardial infarction (select all that apply) A. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) C. Increased leukocytes D. Pain E. Increase heart rate F. Fever G. Elevated Creatinine Kinase H. Elevated alanin aminostransferase (ALT/SGPT) - A. elevated aspartate aminotransferase C. increased leukocytes E. increased HR G. elevated creatinine kinase H. elevated alanin aminostransferase The nurse teaching an elderly client about the aging process includes which changes that occur as part of the normal aging process? (select all that apply) A. Increase in total body potassium concentration B. Increased gastric emptying C. Decreased muscle tone D. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis E. Increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow F. Increased formation of autoantibodies - A. Decreased muscle tone, wrinkling in atrophy of the epidermis E. increase in peripheral resistance to bloodflow F. increased formation of auto antibodies What else is it about the skin that protects individuals from injury and disease? - Pathogens can be sloughed off by mechanical means, such as falling off in dead skin cells, coughing or sneezing, vomiting, or flushing from the urinary tract in urine. How might the characteristics of skin and the bodily fluids associated with it also help to protect us from infection? - There is a low pH on the skin and stomach that generally inhibits microorganisms If inflammation is considered a first responder and may be considered to be a hero, at least when it is in a controlled state, what heroic acts may be attributed to it? How might the swelling associated with inflammation actually help with the healing process? Erythema and warmth at a site of injury typically cause discomfort, but how might one take solace in the fact that the response is being initiated? - It prevents and/or limits infection and additional damage by initiating the influx of plasma, plasma proteins, plasma enzymes, and the distribution of leukocytes from the blood vessels to the injury. It recruits members of the adaptive immunity community to launch a more specific defense against the pathogens and enhances the healing process. What causes redness at the site of inflammation? - Vasodilation of arterioles from the histamine triggered by mediators or mast cells but then spasm to stop the bleeding What is brought to the injured site when the vasodilation