AQA PHYSICS PAPER 2 MAY 2023 OFFICIAL QUESTION PAPER

Force - this can change something's speed, direction, or shape. It can be push/repulsive or pull/attractive Vector - a quantity with magnitude (size) AND direction Scalar - a quantity with magnitude (size) but NOT direction Examples of vectors - force, weight, velocity, acceleration, displacement Examples of scalars - distance, mass, speed, energy, time Contact forces - occur when an object is supported by or strikes another object e.g. friction Non-contact forces - the objects don't physically come into contact, e.g. gravity, magnetic force Mass - the measure of the amount of matter that anything (including people) are made up of (this is a scalar) Weight - the measure of the force on an object due to gravity (gravity has a direction, towards the center of the Earth, so this is a vector) The Earth's gravity - 9.81m/s² (approx.) - it is in m/s² because gravity refers to the acceleration that is put on objects as they are pulled in Weight - = mass X gravity (can be rearranged) - (also, gravity will always be 9.81 on Earth (above)) Gravity ideas on the moon and Earth - - the gravity of the moon is less than on Earth as the moon has less mass than the Earth. - One would weigh less on the moon than on Earth, but still have the same mass - There is no air resistance on the moon as there is no air, so two objects dropped simultaneously, regardless of their weight/mass, would hit the ground simultaneously, as there is no force working against gravity