BIOL 111 Exam 1 Birdsong Questions & Answers Already Passed!!

Substance that is metabolized by or incorporated into an organism - Answer-nutrient What is the biggest advantage of having a complete digestive tract? - Answer-specialized compartments can have different conditions As a red blood cell leaves the foot moving to the heart, it is carrying _________ gas. It travels through the Inferior Vena Cava, into the ____________ of the heart, then into the _____________ before heading to the lungs via the _______________. - Answer-Carbon dioxide, right atruim, right ventricle, pulmonary artery. Which of these hormones directly stimulates gene transcription once it passes into the cytoplasm of a target cell? - Answer-Estrogen How do the lungs take in air? - Answer-The intercostal muscles contract to pull on the ribs and expand the chest cavity The diaphragm moves down as it contracts What helps move water out of the kidney filtrate as it passes through the descending Loop of Henle? - Answer-high salt content of medulla interstitial fluid What is an adaptation that cattle have to help digest cellulose in plant material? - Answer-multichambered stomach with symbiotic bacteria Which of these nutrients CANNOT be absorbed directly through the intestinal epithelium, through interstitial fluid, and directly into capillaries? - Answer-lipids In what part of the kidney nephron is the filtrate first removed from the blood plasma? - AnswerglomerulusHow does lung surfactant help maintain human respiratory function? - Answer-reduces surface tension in alveoli What resource are carnivorous pitcher plants gaining from the digestion of insects? - Answer-inorganic minerals What characteristics describe phloem sap? - Answer-travel from sugar source to sugar sink High in sucrose What cellular process creates carbon dioxide byproduct that living things need to transport out of their cells? - Answer-The citric acid cycle What is an advantage to breathing air instead of water? - Answer-higher concentration of oxygen What form of nitrogenous waste do fish excrete? - Answer-Ammonia You eat a cheese burger for lunch, which of these enzymes will break down the protein in the meat patty in the small intestine into small peptides that can be cleaved into amino acids by the brush border proteases? - Answer-Trypsin The digestion of fats finishes in the ______________ where ______________ breaks up fat into smaller molecules so that there is a greater surface area for ___________ to get access to the lipid molecules to break up chemical bonds - Answer-small intestine, bile, pancreatic lipase which of these is the hormone secreted by the hypothalamus to create the cascade of hormone release in the pituitary which in turn controls hormone production in the ovaries? - Answer-gonadotropin Which helps red blood cells offload oxygen in the systemic capillary beds? - Answer-Acidic conditions in the interstitial fluid that change the shape of hemoglobinIn research related to the invention of Gatoraid discussed in the book, what did Cade et al. hypothesize was the best way to maintain osmotic balance during exercise? - Answer-drink a solution resembling sweat After a large meal what enzyme does the pancreas secrete related to blood glucose levels, and what does it do return glucose levels to normal? - Answer-insulin to draw glucose out of the blood and into muscle and fat cells Which is a material that is NOT transported by the hemolymph in insects? - Answer-carbon dioxide which substance is carried by the blood plasma, but never leaves the capillary? - Answer-Albumin During the fight or flight response epinephrine can cause blood vessels in the muscle to dilate, while also causing vessels in the digestive tract to contract, how is this possible? - Answer-Activating different cell receptors for the same hormone Which is a characteristic NOT shared between animals with closed and open circulatory systems? - Answer-Capillary beds Which is TRUE about freshwater fish osmoregulation? - Answer-have special ion pumps to take up ions from water through gills What do plants need for photosynthesis? - Answer-sunlight, water, carbon dioxide The nongreen heterotrophic plant Monotropa uniflora lacks photosynthetic capacity and therefore must absorb organic compounds for use as an energy source. - Answer-Indian Pipe 90% of plant weight - Answer-water maintain hydrostatic pressure in plant cells - Answer-vacuoles Plants derive their organic mass from the___________ of air - Answer-carbon dioxideMore CO2= - Answer-more growth Plants make all their - Answer-organic molecules (amino acids, polysaccharides, fats, etc) Mixture of inorganic (rock, metals, gas, water) and organic substances (organisms, molecules). - AnswerSoil most organic matter layer of soil - Answer-topsoil layer of soil base that is mostly organic - Answer-subsoil