(PSPR) Preschool Appropriate Practice Exam Questions And Answers

(PSPR) Preschool Appropriate Practice Exam Questions And Answers Young children need: - ANSWER- variety of experiences Lots of play options Socialization exposure to rich language Four stages of cognitive development according to Piaget: - ANSWER- Sensorimotor: 0-2 Preoperational 2-7 Concrete Operational 7-11 Formal operations 11+ Preoperational takes place from: - ANSWER- 2-7 years old During the preoperational stage young children what? - ANSWER- learn about their world through their action. This is why hands-on learning is crucial. During the preoperational stage, how do children think? - ANSWER- illogically Erik Erikson - ANSWER- 8 conflicts in emotional development Erikson proposes that individuals must go through each of the 8 stages in a ____ order - ANSWER- sequential People who succesfully ____ each __ are better able to lead a healthy and socially and emotionally connected life - ANSWER- resolve, conflict Initative vs guilt - ANSWER- 3-5 begin to dvelop interest in exploring beyond themselves children who are not allowed to pursue their natural curiosity will be prone to feel guilt for their actions when initiative is encouraged, a person experiments within ones enviroment a lack of encouragement for initiative can result in a feeling of guilt for acting on one's natural curiosity Physical Development - ANSWER- refers to the ways that childrens bodies grow and change There are many ways that children change physically between the ages of 3 and 5 including - ANSWER- Growing taller and leaner than toddlers legs and torso grow at a faster pace than the head Smaller appetite Weight gain 3 pounds a year height gain 2 1/2 inches a year between the ages of 3-5 lower center of balance Spatial Abilities - ANSWER- refers to the way children perceive objects in space Gross Motor Skills - ANSWER- are the skills used to perform physical tasks with large muscles in the body You will notice improvement in these gross motor skills - ANSWER- walking running jumping climbing throwing Fine motor sklls are - ANSWER- actions performed by using the fingers in coordination with the eyes Some fine motor skill improvements you will see are - ANSWER- coloring and holding pencils modeling cutting stringing Warning signs -indicators that you need to intervene and redirect the child's energy - ANSWER- -body language -voices continually growing louder -inappropriate physical contact - too many children in a certain area -conflicting personalities interacting Erik Erikson's Stage: Infant - ANSWER- Trust vs. Mistrust Erik Erikson's Stage: Toddler - ANSWER- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Erik Erikson's Stage: Preschool - ANSWER- Initiative vs. Guilt Erik Erikson's Stage: Grade School - ANSWER- Industry vs. Inferiority Developmental Domain: Physical Development - ANSWER- Child was able to string wooden beads on a shoe string. Developmental Domain: Social Emotional - ANSWER- Child plays well with peers. Developmental Domain: Cognitive Development and General Knowledge - ANSWER- Child was able to sing an appropriate song. Developmental Domain: Approaches to Learning - ANSWER- Child shows curiosity and is eager to learn. Developmental Domain: Language and Communication - ANSWER- Child shows understanding by following simple directions. Developmental Delays/Alerts for 3 Year Olds: - ANSWER- • Consistently unintelligible speech • Failure to understand and follow simple directions • Unable to tell you their own name • Does not enjoy playing near other children • Sentences never exceed 3 to 4 words • Child never asks questions Developmental Delays/Alerts for 4 Year Olds: - ANSWER- -Does not recognize simple shapes such as circles, squares and triangles • Unable to catch a large ball • Does not have good control of posture and movement • Unable to hop on one foot • Does not respond to statements without constantly asking to have them repeated • Unable to dress with minimal adult assistance • Frequent toileting accidents • Does not acknowledge the presence of other children in the environment