Science Olympiad Optics Latest Version Graded A+

Science Olympiad Optics Latest Version Graded A+ geometric optics how light travels, including reflection and refraction, light is thought of as rays which travel according to certain principles law of reflection the angle of incidence of a wave or stream of particles reflecting from a boundary, conventionally measured from the normal to the interface, is equal to the angle of reflection, measured from the same interface optical density measures how well a medium can transmit light, is different from the actual density of the medium (ex. water has a higher optical density than air so light travels slower in water than air) ` index of refraction used to determine the angle at which light refracts at a boundary, defined by the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium Snell's law calculates refraction, n1*sin(theta)1=n2*sin(theta)2 Iris Muscle that controls the size of the pupil and makes our eye the different colors (blue, green, brown) Retina the sensory membrane that lines the eye; it receives images formed by the lens and converts them into signals that reach the brain by way of the optic nerve Cornea Clear part of the eye covering the iris and the pupil; lets light into the eye, permitting sight Pupil the dark, circular opening in the center of the iris, varying in size to regulate the amount of light reaching the retina Sclera looks like the white of a cooked egg, it is the outer coat of the eyeball that forms the visible white of the eye and surrounds the optic nerve at the back of the eyeball Fovea a depression in the retina that contains cones, but not rods, and that provides acute eyesight Lens (eye) nearly spherical body in the eye, locate behind the cornea, that focuses light rays onto the cornea Macula part of the eye near the middle of the retina; it allows us to see objects with great detail Aqueous Humor clear fluid in the front of the eye, between the cornea and the iris, that provides nutrients to the cornea and the lens Vitreous Humor a clear gel-like substance that occupies the space behind the lens and in front of the retina at the back of the eye Vitreous Body part of the eye between the lens and the retina, containing a clear jelly called the vitreous humor Optic Nerve the nerve that carries electrical impulses from photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) in the retina to the visual cortex in the