Praxis Principles of Learning and Teaching: Grades 7-12 Test Prep Questions and Answers

Through CONSTRUCTIVISM how is Knowledge constructed? learning is an active process of constructing knowledge rather than acquiring it. learning as experience, problem-based learning, zone of proximal development, scaffolding, discovery learning What are the basic cognitive processes. sensation, perception, attention, memory, What are the complex cognitive process. intelligence, thought, language Albert Bandura Social context theory: learning is observational. BOBO doll experiment Bruner Three modes of representation: enactive, iconic, symbolic. spiral curriculum, you can learn any information at any age as long as it goes through modes correctly constructivism enactive representation 0-1 year old: involves encoding action based information and storing it in our memory. EX: baby remember the action of shaking a rattle. iconic represention 1-6 years: information is stored visually in the form of images. EX: mental picture in the minds eyes. symbolic representation 7 and up actions and images have a fixed relation to that which they represent. EX: dog is a symbolic representation of a single class. Dewey progressive education: Learn by doing, such as hands on teaching/learning. Piaget cognitive development: devlopment stages. Sensorimotor preoperational