2023 WGU- C963 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

2023 WGU- C963 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS John Locke - ANSWER- English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. Montesquieu - ANSWER- French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers. Advocated for due process Adam Smith - ANSWER- argued for property rights and minimal gov regulation in economics. Social Contracy Theory - ANSWER- Agreement between people and government where citizens are content to be governed as long as government protects natural rights. Thomas Hobbes - ANSWER- english philosopher who argued society isnt natural or immutable but created by us, instead of being passive members of society we are creators. Implicit contracts - ANSWER- never agreed upon, but we find ourselves in. "Rights imply obligation so when you take from the pot, you are expected to pay in" Ex: taxes State of Nature - ANSWER- theory on how people might have lived before societies Natural Rights - ANSWER- society can not interfere with our efforts to obtain ex: Food, shelter, clothing Hobbes vs. Locke vs. Roussea - ANSWER- Hobbes- seeks physical security as social contract Locke- seeks protection from harm and permitting us to pursue our own lives Rousseau- argues for general will of society using uniformity of existence Social Contract - ANSWER- require continual renegotiation to remain relevant to present circumstances. Failure to negotiate can lead to dissolution of society Declaration of Independence - ANSWER- written mainly by Jefferson, expressed ideas of locke. -Gov serves to regulate terms of social contract in society and protect our natural rights and serve as democratic conduit for interests U.S. Constitution - ANSWER- turns to less democratic ideas of Montesquieu and Rousseau - separates legislative, executive and judicial powers, works to determine sovereignty of states Bill of Rights - ANSWER- Constitutional amendments that protect the rights of citizens Articles of confederation - ANSWER- first attempt at structuring the United States. - established republic that held power and elected representatives to govern with independent self governing states from a union bicameral legislature - ANSWER- two chambers of legislature; House of Representatives and Senate created so the government didnt have too much power Power to Borrow and coin money - ANSWER- federal government can establish national banking system; also to control national fiscal power Power to declare war - ANSWER- gov can delcare war if deemed appropriate and can appoint military officials Power to make Treaties and Alliances with other nations - ANSWER- could enter into treaties or agreements with other nations if deemed appropriate. Power to Regulate Trade w/ Native Americans - ANSWER- negotiate and regulate trade but, native Americans werent considered citizens of the U.S. and were treated as foreigners. Power to settle disputes between states - ANSWER- right to settle any and all boundary disputes that arose between the states, which were bound to happen. Power to Raise an Army or Navy - ANSWER- National government didn't have the power for its own military so they had to request troops from the states who could deny. This would leave a lack of defense for the country Taxation - ANSWER- national government had no power to impose or collect taxes; they had to request it from states- they were negligent and would leave national government underfunded. Regulating Trade - ANSWER- National gov didnt have the power to regulate trade causing the economy to suffer; trade was regulated through the states so the national government couldnt collect taxes. Virginia Plan - ANSWER- "Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation. The Great Compromise - ANSWER- Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house Article 1 of the Constitution - ANSWER- congress is given power to tax, maintain navy & army, and regulate trade and commerce, coin and borrow money declare war, establish laws. 3/5 Compromise - ANSWER- 60% of slaves counted for population and taxable property Clause 3 Article IV - ANSWER- slave owners can reclaim their runaway slaves. checks and balances - ANSWER- A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power Federal System - ANSWER- form of government where power is divided between states and national government Enumerated Powers - ANSWER- given explicitly to the federal government by the constitution to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, declare war, support armies, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs Political Ideologies - ANSWER- coherent philosophies about the structure, power, and purpose of government Anti federalists - ANSWER- believed the constitution offered little protection for liberty and national rights - feared national gov and believed state legislature could protect rights Federalists - ANSWER- Wanted a new constitution made up of elites, wealthy, and well educated land owners. What was a compromise to win support from anti federalists? - ANSWER- the bill of rights was a compromise Federalist No. 10 - ANSWER- James Madison wrote an essay to argue diversity was