2023 Nurse 255 Hematology EXM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

2023 Nurse 255 Hematology EXM PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS What stimulates erythropoietin in the kidneys? - ANSWER- tissue hypoxia RBC production begins in the? - ANSWER- bone marrow What are reticulocytes? - ANSWER- immature RBCs How long does the complete sequence take? - ANSWER- 3-5 days What is the life span of an RBC - ANSWER- 120 days A biconcave structure allows for what - ANSWER- increases surface area to allow for passage through capillaries. What is the heme in blood? - ANSWER- iron What is the globin in blood? - ANSWER- protein RBC's with hemoglobin transport ____ to the lungs - ANSWER- oxygen RBC's also bring some ______ to the lungs for excretion - ANSWER- carbon dioxide normocytic, microcytic, macrocytic relates to - ANSWER- describes size Normochromic and hypochromic describe? - ANSWER- color Old or damaged RBC's are lysed by - ANSWER- Phagocytes What do phagocytes do? - ANSWER- engulf and destroy bacteria The process of lysed phagocytes happens where? - ANSWER- spleen, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes What is recycled when phagocytes are lysed? - ANSWER- Amino acids and iron The Heme unit is them converted into? - ANSWER- bilirubin The conversion of the heme unit into bilirubin occurs where? - ANSWER- in the liver Jaundice is can be caused by? - ANSWER- Increased hemolysis or impaired liver function Jaundice is a build up of - ANSWER- bilirubin What is anemia? - ANSWER- deficient RBCs quality of hemoglobin volume of packed RBC's (hemoglobin What is anemia morphology? - ANSWER- describes cellular characteristics RBC size and color What are the three causes of anemia? - ANSWER- 1. Blood loss 2. Low RBC production 3. High RBC destruction What three deficiencies caused reduced RBC production - ANSWER- iron, folic acid, cobalamin (vit B12) What three diseases/disorders results from decreased RBC production? - ANSWERthalassemia aplastic disorder myeloproliferative disease What is thalassemia? - ANSWER- less hemoglobin than normal What is aplastic disorder? - ANSWER- body stop producing new blood cells What is myeloproliferative disease? - ANSWER- uncontrolled, excess production of any of the precursor cells ( WBC RBC, PLT) Blood loss bleeding occurs where? - ANSWER- GI, menstrual, vessel rupture, trauma, liver What is hemolytic anemia? - ANSWER- when the rate of RBC destructions exceeds the rate of RBC hemopoiesis What diseases/disorders result from hemolytic? - ANSWER- DIC HELLP syndrome TTP What is DIC? - ANSWER- disseminated intravascular coagulation - protein that controls blood clotting become overactive What is HELLP syndrome? - ANSWER- hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets