Michigan Cosmetology theory exam with absolute solution

Michigan Cosmetology theory exam with absolute solution Block - Head shaped form usually made of canvas covered cork or styrofoam on hich the wig is secured for fitting cleaning coloring and styling Bonding - Method of attaching hair extensions in which hair wefts or single strands are attached with an adhesive or bonding agent Wheel - Itchy swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours cased by a blow or scratch bite of an insect Nail groove - Slit or furrow on the sides of the nail. Bruised nail beds - a condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot. Eggshell nails - Noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than normal and can curve over the free edge. Hangnail - A condition in which the living tissue surrounding the nail plate splits or tears. Leukonychia spots - Also known as white spots; whitish discolorations of the nails, usually caused by injury to the matrix area; not related to the body's health or vitamin deficiencies. Onychophagy - Also known as bitten nails; result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate. Paronychia - Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail causing pus, swelling, and redness, usually in the skin fold adjacent to the nail plate. Ridges - Vertical lines running through the length of the natural nail plate that are caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the result of normal aging. anagen phase - Also known as growth phase; phase during which new hair is produced. catagen phase - The brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle. It signals the end of the growth phase. Disulfide bond - Strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine, which joins together two polypeptide strands like rungs on a ladder. Eumelanin - Produces brown to black pigments in the hair hair bulb - Lowest part of a hair strand; the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root. hair density - The number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of scalp. Hair elasticity - Ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking. hair follicle - The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root. hair texture - Thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand hydrogen bond - A week physical cross link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat Keratin - A fibrous protein that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle peptide bond - Also known as an end bond; chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end to end, to form a polypeptide chain. oxidizing agent - substance that releases oxygen Ph - The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. Ph represents the quantity of hydrogen ions pH scale - A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution; a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution. Physical change - A change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance Thioglycolic acid - A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions. Pimple - Also known as papule; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus. sebaceous glands - Also known as oil glands; glands connected to hair follicles. Sebum is the fatty or oily secretion of the sebaceous glands. subcutaneous tissue - Also known as adipose or subcutis tissue; fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin. sudoriferous glands - Also known as sweat glands; excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals. Acetone - A colorless, inflammable liquid; miscible with water, alcohol, and ether; and has a sweetish odor or burning taste. It is used as a solvent. Implements - Tools used to perform nail services. Implements can be reusable or disposable. Manicure - a cosmetic treatment of the hands involving cutting, shaping, and often painting of the nails, removal of the cuticles, and softening of the skin. Dermis - Also known as derma, corium, cutis, or true skin; underlying or inner layer of the skin. Epidermis - Outermost and thinnest layer of the skin Eumelanin - Produces brown to black pigments in the hair Melanin - Tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair Fifth cranial nerve - Also known as trifacial nerve or trigeminal nerve; the chief sensory nerve of the face that serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing. Circulatory - controls movement of blood throughout the body Blood - Nutritive fluid circulating through the circulatory system (heart and blood vessels) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them. Bacteria - One-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. Some are harmful; some are harmless. Bactericidal - Capable of destroying bacteria Bloodborne pathogens - Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV. Cheating soaps - Also known as cheating detergents; detergents that break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks Cocci - Round shaped bacteria that appear singly or in groups contagious disease - Also known as communicable disease; disease that is spread from one person to another person. Some of the more contagious diseases are the common cold, ringworm, conjunctivitis (pinkeye), viral infections, and natural nail or toe and foot infections. contamination - The presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an items surface or visible debris or residues such a as dust hair and skin Decontamination - The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin. Diplococci - Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia. Disinfectants - Chemical products approved by the EPA designed to destroy most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces. Disinfection - A chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms (except bacterial spores) on environmental surfaces. Fungi - Single-cell organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts; can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm. Fungicidal - Capable of destroying fungi Hospital disinfectants - Disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Infection control - The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms. infections disease - Disease that is caused by pathogenic microorganisms that enter the body, an infectious disease may be spread from one person to another person inflammation - A condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection; characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling. Local infection - An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) - Replaced by Safety Data Sheets; information compiled by the manufacture about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - A type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics. Nonpathogenic - Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm. nonporous - An item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids. occupational disease - Illness resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients. pathogenic - Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body. pathogenic disease - Disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. porous - Made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. Porous items are absorbent.