SAUNDERS NCLEX_DEVELOPMENTAL FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

SAUNDERS NCLEX_DEVELOPMENTAL FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS Rationale: Breast milk or formula is the main food throughout infancy. Rice cereal mixed with breast milk or formula is introduced at 4 months of age. Strained vegetables, fruits, and meats are introduced 1 at a time and can begin at 6 months of age. The nurse in the well-baby clinic has provided instructions regarding dental care to the mother of a 10-month-old child. Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further instruction? 1. "I need to limit the amount of concentrated sweets." 2. "I need to use fluoride supplements if the water is not fluoridated." 3. "I need to start dental hygiene as soon as the primary teeth erupt." 4. "I can coat a pacifier with honey during the day as long as I do not give my child a bottle at nap or bedtime." - Answer-ANS: "I can coat a pacifier with honey during the day as long as I do not give my child a bottle at nap or bedtime." Rationale: The practice of coating pacifiers with honey or using commercially available hard-candy pacifiers is discouraged. Besides being cariogenic, honey also may cause botulism, and broken-off pieces of the candy pacifier may be aspirated. In addition, sweet milk or other fluids such as juice in a bottle taken at naptime or bedtime will bathe the teeth, producing caries. Fluoride, an essential mineral for building caries-resistant teeth, is needed, usually beginning at 6 months of age if the infant does not receive adequate fluoride content. A diet that is low in sweets and high in nutritious foods promotes dental health. A 6-month-old infant is admitted to the hospital. The nurse weighs the infant and notes that the infant's weight is 14 pounds. Which statement by the mother indicates that further teaching is needed? - Answer-ANS: 3. "I will have to increase his milk intake because he is not gaining enough weight." Rationale: Newborns double their birth weight at 5 to 6 months of age and triple it by 1 year. Therefore, options 1, 2, and 4 are correct statements. Option 3 indicates the need for further teaching. An infant is being seen in the pediatrician's office for a 2-month-old well-child visit. The nurse encourages the mother to allow the infant to suck on a pacifier during a routine immunization. The nurse explains to the mother that the child is at which stage of Piaget's cognitive development? 1. Trust development 2. Autonomy development 3. Sensorimotor development 4. Preconceptual development - Answer-ANS: 3. Sensorimotor development Rationale: Piaget's first stage of cognitive development is referred to as the sensorimotor stage. In this stage, infants and young toddlers use mainly senses and movement to begin to understand and control their environment. Preconceptual is the second stage after sensorimotor development. Development of trust and autonomy identify Erikson's stages of psychosocial, not cognitive, development.