SUMMARY CRIMINOLOGY UNIT 1;AC 1.5 WRITE UP MODEL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+

SUMMARY CRIMINOLOGY UNIT 1;AC 1.5 WRITE UP MODEL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ What is Crime? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Crime is defined as human actions that violate the formalized laws of a country, state, or local area like a city or township. What must be established before a crime can be committed? - CORRECT ANSWERS-At the heart of this definition is the idea that a law has to be present before we can consider an act a crime. If there is no law, there is no crime, even if the act is immoral or disgusting to us. How was crime defined in many ancient societies? - CORRECT ANSWERS-In the past, many societies would judge behavior on what was accepted by the society at the time rather than having written laws so that by this definition "murder" might be a crime because there was no formalized law about it. What make laws? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Humans make laws, especially those humans that are in power because the powerful in society often have more influence on what is considered a crime. Do laws sometime change as society changes so that what is a crime may also change? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Yes, for example, during the Prohibition Era in the United States it was against the law to sell or manufacture alcohol but in today' society that is no longer a law and thus, no longer a crime. What are norms? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Norms are standards of behavior; they are formal and informal rules about what is considered appropriate in a society in terms of behavior, beliefs, and values. What is an example of a norm in our society? - CORRECT ANSWERS-An example of a norm in our society is that it is the accepted behavior to say "Hello" when you answer a telephone call. What are the different categories of norms? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Norms can be separated into the following categories: (1) Folkways, (2) Mores, and (3) Laws What is the category of norms known as Folkways? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Folkways are everyday customs or ways of doing things but are informal and rarely written down. What are some examples of Folkways norms? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Some examples of folkways norms include (1) waiting in line at the grocery store checkout (as opposed to pushing your way to the front), (2) dressing in jeans when the situation calls for more formal dress, (3) telling a third party a secret that we know, or (4) walking up the down escalator. What is the category of norms known as Mores? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mores are norms that have an underlying shared assumption of approval or disapproval. For example, not stealing from a friend would be a more. What is the category of norms known as Laws? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Laws are formal norms that have been written down and there are formal consequences for breaking the norm. What is Deviance? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Deviance is simply any act that violates society's norms. Is deviance the same as crime? - CORRECT ANSWERS-No, the two concepts are actually distinct and only overlap in some areas Do all deviance behavior result in serious consequences? - CORRECT ANSWERS-No, because all deviance behaviors are not crimes. In general, most of the folkways norms that we violate will not result in serious consequences although we may get a bad look from someone, but we aren't likely to be arrested or fined for them. What are some deviance behavior that is more serious and result in serious consequences? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Murdering someone or robbing a bank are more serious acts of deviance that we want to prevent in society. How does society control serious deviance behavior? - CORRECT ANSWERS-For both informal and formal norms, society uses "social control" or restraints on people to keep them from breaking norms. What is social control? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Social control refers to social mechanisms that regulate individual and group behavior, leading to conformity and compliance to the rules of society and that control of social institutions should be in the interest and welfare of the whole society. How social control relate to none conformity of norms? - CORRECT ANSWERS-In general, the more formal or serious the norm that you violate, the more severe and formal the social control will be. How do scholars differ on the acceptance of deviance behavior? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Some scholars have argue that deviance is a normal part of society and has positive functions. Who was Emile Durkheim? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Emile Durkheim was a scholar who point of view was that even with social control, people will still break some norms and rules. Why did Emile Durkheim believe that deviance is good for society? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Emile Durkheim argued that deviance is a good for society because it helps reinforce norms and show where the boundaries between acceptable and unacceptable behavior are and that a society can be brought together to reinforce its bonds when the group condemns an act of deviance. What are some examples that Emile Durkheim used to show that deviance is good for society? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Some examples that Emile Durkheim to show that deviance is good for society is that (1) when someone receives a negative consequence for breaking a norm, society is reminded that the behavior is unacceptable, (2) people also learn how far to can take certain behaviors before they become unacceptable, such as learning that it's okay to joke about something, but that the topic may be offensive in some situations, and (3) in the United States, 9/11 reinforced bonds among the people because of a common understanding that the terrorist acts were not acceptable. What is an important aspect of deviance relative to crime? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Another important aspect of deviance in relation to crime is that deviance i