NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final - Edapt Questions and Correct Answers, 2024.

NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Final - Edapt Questions and Correct Answers, 2024. What is a symptom of a lower urinary tract infection? Urgency What is true regarding complicated UTIs? Can be caused by a structural urinary tract disorder What can help prevent a UTI? Increased water consumption True/False: Women are at higher risk of developing UTI because they have a shorter urethra True What is a risk factor for developing a UTI? Pregnancy What is true regarding an uncomplicated UTI? - Occurs in the normal urinary tract - Responds well to short-course of antibiotics What is true regarding a complicated UTI? - UTI that extends beyond the bladder - Infants & older adults are usually affected - Caused by structural/functional urinary tract abnormalities or a untreated UTI What will the urinalysis of a patient with a UTI show? WBCs & casts The NP knows an uncomplicated UTI because the UTI responds well to a short-course of antibiotic therapy Highly suspective that causative bacteria of UTI is gram negative because of the presence of Nitrites A common organism that causes a UTI includes Staphylococcus saprophyticus True/False: There is a significant risk for men with BPH to develop cellular mutations that lead to prostate cancer False True/False: The peripheral zone of the prostate is the largest zone True On digital rectal exam to assess quality of prostate, NP would be concerned with a hard nodule because it indicates prostate cancer The patient most often develops symptoms of BPH when the prostatic urethra becomes obstructed True/False: The purpose of straining in BPH is to overcome the obstruction encountered during urination True What is the reaction of 5-Alpha reductase inhibitors? To cause shrinkage of the prostate gland Where are the hyper plastic nodules of BPH located? Periurethral zone Why are men who have BPH prone to develop UTIs? Because of the stagnation of urine in the bladder that promotes bacterial growth. True/False: PSA helps liquefy semen post-ejaculation True True/False: The underlying cause of BPH is that normal prostate cells respond to increases in dihydrotestosterone that causes them to live longer & multiply True What is the most common type of formed stone? Calcium stone What is the type of stone formed during a UTI? Struvite stone True/False: The gold standard for diagnosing a renal stone is a urinalysis False- CT scan is the gold standard for diagnosing a renal stone True/False: Renal stones are formed when calcium & oxalate in the urine combine True True/False: Renal calculi are typically confined to the bladder False - Renal calculi can be found in the ureter or the bladder Why can hematuria be seen with kidney stones? BTrecause the stone injures the urinary structures as it passes through them True/False: Renal colic is caused by the passing of the stone through the ureter True True/False: At least half of individuals with renal stones will have a reoccurrence within 10 years of their prior stone. True True/False: Lithotripsy is an invasive procedure used to break up the stone False What is the most common stone found in the patient with gout? Uric acid stone This relay station in the brain plays a major role in regulation micturition (urination) Pontine micturition center True/False: The location of the internal sphincter is under the urogenital diaphragm False - located in the bladder True/False: The elevator ani muscle plays a role in constriction of the external sphincter True Which of the following actions will relax the detrusor muscle of the bladder? Activation of beta-2 receptors by the SNS True/False: When the bladder is empty, the detrusor muscle relaxes, and the internal & external sphincters constrict True Stress Incontinence Leaking of urine with sensation of need to urinate What is the Patho of stress incontinence? Detrusor muscle hyperactivity which leads to urine leakage Neurogenic Incontinence Unimpeded urine leakage